A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University during rabi season of 2016-17 to evaluate the effect of improved sulphur (S) formulations on the status of available macronutrients in soil at various growth stages of mustard. Results revealed that the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content of soil decreased with increasing the dose of Gromor Rapid Blue® from 5 to 7.5 kg acre -1 . Residual N and K status of the soil were found highest when Micronized S was applied @3kg acre -1 , whereas application of Gromor Sulphamax @10kg acre -1 gave better results in increasing the P content of soil. At vegetative stage, maximum increase in NPK level over control was recorded, i.e. 34.4, 49.0, and 11.6% with application of Micronized S @3kg acre -1 , Gromor Sulphamax @10kg acre -1 , and Gromor Rapid Blue® 7.5 kg acre -1 , respectively. During this study, the available nutrient content of soil was in decreasing trend as the crop progressed and maximum available nutrient content was observed at vegetative stage.
The current investigation was carried out to ascertain the suitability of the influent and effluent of Varanasi's Bhagwanpur sewage treatment plant for irrigation as well as variations in its physicochemical properties throughout the year 2018. The suitability of the water for irrigation was evaluated by taking water samples from the plant's inlet, aerator, and outlet tanks. Then, these samples were examined for heavy metals as well as parameters like pH, EC, TDS, BOD, COD, and dominant anions and cations.The plant's effluent is suitable for irrigating agricultural fields because parameters like pH, nitrate, phosphate, and other cations are below the permissible limit and will provide the necessary nutrients for crops. However, higher concentrations of some heavy metals were a notable concern that will need close attention and ongoing monitoring in the near future if effluent water is to be used for irrigation. The treatment process significantly lowers the effluent water's COD, sulphates, and other ions to levels that allow for surface water discharge, but it leaves the BOD, nitrate, and phosphate content just above levels which are recommended, making it unsuitable for discharge into the holy Ganges since it will cause eutrophication.
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