Electrochemical
CO2 reduction over Cu could provide
value-added multicarbon hydrocarbons and alcohols. Despite recent
breakthroughs, it remains a significant challenge to design a catalytic
system with high product selectivity. Here we demonstrate that a high
selectivity of ethylene (55%) and C2+ products (77%) could
be achieved by a highly modular tricomponent copolymer modified Cu
electrode, rivaling the best performance using other modified polycrystalline
Cu foil catalysts. Such a copolymer can be conveniently prepared by
a ring-opening metathesis polymerization, thereby offering a new degree
of freedom for tuning the selectivity. Control experiments indicate
all three components are essential for the selectivity enhancement.
A surface characterization showed that the incorporation of a phenylpyridinium
component increased the film robustness against delamination. It was
also shown that its superior performance is not due to a morphology
change of the Cu underneath. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate
that a combination of increased local CO2 concentration,
increased porosity for gas diffusion, and the local electric field
effect together contribute to the increased ethylene and C2+ product selectivity.
Capacitive deionization
(CDI) is a promising alternative approach
for water desalination and treatment. Hierarchical porous carbons,
HPCs, have been viewed as a promising porous structure material for
electrosorption purposes. However, limitations associated with the
synthesis and porosity control of HPCs limit their utilization as
model systems in correlating the textural characteristics and the
CDI performance. Here we report for the first time
a systematic investigation using a wide range of tightly control primary
mesopore size, mesopore surface area, mesopore volume, and high mesopore
fraction synthesized by the ice templation approach and correlate
to their CDI performance. Larger mesopores are preferable for faster
ion removal as they can provide easier pathways for the ions to diffuse
and establish the electric double layer. However, smaller mesopores
are more preferable in order to achieve higher salt capacity. While
for meso–macro HPCs the salt capacity scales up with the mesopore
surface area, HPCs that contain all levels of porosity (i.e. micro–meso–macro)
do not show such correlation. Besides the excellent CDI performance
reported, the model systems allow us to delineate of the role of several
materials design parameters and correlate with their electrosorption
behavior.
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