Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Thai adult patients was determined by non-linear mixed-effects approach using 319 vancomycin serum concentrations from 212 patients. The data were best fitted by a two-compartment model and it was used to examine the effect of patient characteristics on the vancomycin pharmacokinetics. In the final model, there was a linear relationship between vancomycin clearance, CL (L/h), and creatinine clearance calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation, CLCr (mL/min): CL =0.044 × CLCr. Meanwhile, volume of central compartment, V 1 (L), was linearly related with the age (years old): V 1 = 0.542 × Age. Intercompartment clearance (Q) and volume of peripheral compartment (V 2) was 6.95 L/h and 44.2 L, respectively. The interindividual variability for CL, V 1, Q, and V 2 was 35.78, 20.93, 39.50, and 57.27%, respectively. Whereas, the intraindividual variability was 4.51 mg/L. Final model then was applied to predict serum vancomycin concentrations on validation group. Predictive performance revealed a bias of −1.43 mg/L (95% CI: −5.82–2.99) and a precision of 12.2 mg/L (95% CI: −1.60–26.16). In conclusion, population pharmacokinetic of vancomycin in Thai adult patients was developed. The model could be used to create vancomycin dosage regimen in the type of patient similar with the present study.
<span lang="EN-US">Pandemi <em>coronavirus disease-19 </em>(COVID-19) menyebabkan perubahan pelayanan kesehatan. Upaya mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19 adalah menjaga jarak dan menghindari kerumunan. Pada layanan kesehatan, telefarmasi memberikan akses cepat dan kenyamanan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi peran dan perilaku apoteker dalam penggunaan telefarmasi serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan telefarmasi selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode non-eksperimental kualitatif fenomenologis melalui wawancara mendalam. Informan diambil hingga data jenuh dan diperoleh 5 informan. Wawancara dilakukan langsung maupun <em>online</em>. Keabsahan data melalui uji kredibilitas dengan <em>member checking</em>, uji transferabilitas dengan uraian rinci, uji dependabilitas dan uji konfirmabilitas melalui <em>peer debrifing</em>. Hasil wawancara dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan proses berpikir induktif. Peran apoteker dalam </span><span lang="IN">telefarmasi</span><span lang="EN-US"> selama pandemi COVID-19 adalah memberikan layanan telefarmasi yang profesional, sedangkan perilaku apoteker adalah memanfaatkan telefarmasi untuk memberikan layanan farmasi klinik dan menggunakan media yang bervariasi. Faktor pendukung penerapan telefarmasi selama pandemi adalah kerja sama rekan sejawat dan keluarga pasien, peraturan terkait dukungan telefarmasi, dan pandemi COVID-19; sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah teknologi, hambatan finansial pasien, penerimaan pasien terhadap telefarmasi, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dan waktu.</span>
Abundances of studies showed the positive impact of pharmacist intervention in managing diabetes patients. However, in Indonesia context, robust evidence of whether pharmacist could improve patients outcomes in diabetes management was lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of community pharmacist in the form of home visit in managing diabetes patients. A randomized controlled parallel-group trial was conducted in Banyumas district, Central Java province, Indonesia over 24-week period. Patients in the intervention group received home visit services by participant pharmacists, while the control group only received usual care. The outcomes measured were HbA1c levels and quality of life [using Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire (DQLCTQ)]. The data were tested for normality before other statistical tests were taken, and parametric or nonparametric tests were carried out accordingly. Forty-one patients in the control group and 47 patients in the intervention group were included in the final analysis. This study showed a significant 0.90% mean change difference of HbA1c values between the study groups (95%CI:-1.50% to-0.20%; p = 0.04). Likewise, there was a significant increase in the mean change difference of DQLCTQ scores between the study groups (4.30%, 95%CI: 0.03%-8.57%; p = 0.04). Community pharmacist intervention in Indonesia improved the outcomes of patients with diabetes. The issues of effects sustainability and economic outcome of this service are remained unclear and need to be evaluated in future studies.
Hingga saat ini, resistensi antimikroba masih menjadi masalah akibat ketidakrasionalan penggunaan antimikroba. Diperlukan minat dan pemahaman dari praktisi Apoteker untuk meneliti terkait antimikroba sehingga dapat berkontribusi terhadap penyelesaian masalah tersebut. Akan tetapi, penelitian lebih umum dilakukan oleh para akademisi dibandingkan dengan praktisi. Oleh sebab itu, dirancang sebuah kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang bertujuan meningkatkan minat dan pemahaman praktisi Apoteker terkait penelitian antimikroba. Bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang diawali dengan paparan ilmiah oleh narasumber. Peserta di setiap kelompok diatur terdiri dari gabungan akademisi dan praktisi Apoteker. Pada sesi FGD, praktisi Apoteker memaparkan permasalahan terkait antimikroba berdasarkan pengalaman kerjanya. Para akademisi berkontribusi untuk menyusun permasalahan menjadi sebuah kerangka penelitian yang dapat diaplikasikan. Berdasarkan post-assessment, kegiatan FGD antara akademisi dan praktisi terbukti meningkatkan minat dan pemahaman peserta terkait penelitian antimikroba. Kolaborasi antara akademisi dan praktisi perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengatasi masalah praktikal termasuk resistensi antimikroba.
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