PT Halmahera Persada Lygend (PTHPL) plans to construct new technology for nickel laterite ore processing in Obi Island, North Maluku Province. The facility is expected to produce 247,000 tonnes of NiSO4.7H2O and 32,000 tonnes of CoSO4.7H2O to be sold for the raw material of electric vehicle battery. Indonesia is one of world largest nickel laterite resources and currently only nickel ore saprolite has been exploited while nickel limonite is abandoned as waste due to the lack of technology. In the last decade, nickel smelter is booming in Indonesia to process nickel saprolite to become Ferro Nickel, Nickel Pig Iron, Nickel Matte. This study is aimed to assess the potential implementation of High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL). HPAL is a proven technology but not utilized in Indonesia due to the high investment, and it requires a large media for waste disposal. Nickel limonite ore with grade 1.1 – 1.4 % can be processed using HPAL technology to produce more than 37% nickel and another beneficial product, which is cobalt. Nickel world demand shifts to support electric vehicle battery even though stainless steel demand is still high. The Government of Indonesia is currently starting to support the electric vehicle market program. Therefore HPAL project in Indonesia is a high opportunity and a good investment for investors.
Domestic wastewater will cause environmental problems, if there is no treatment either communally or household scale or in other words, the people directly dispose of their waste into water bodies. There are several environmentally friendly and fairly inexpensive waste treatment systems, namely the biofilter system. The processing of the wastewater with a biofilter system in several studies resulted in very good reduction of some parameters. This research does not only use biofilter, because it is possible there are still residual inorganic compounds such as nitrate and phosphate left over from processing biofilter systems. So that a tertiary treatment is still needed using a hydroponic system. The results of this study, namely the tertiary treatment system with hydroponics can reduce the residual anoganic compounds of phosphate, such as the outlets of kangkung (76.13%), spinach (44.9%) and lettuce (45.95%), while nitrates did not decrease. The parameters of TDS, TSS, COD and BOD were reduced with the efficiency removal of 15.15-19.60%, 51.20-88.52%, 49.00-63,27% and 30.49-58.68% respectively.
Limbah domestik akan menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan, apabila tidak adanya pengolahan limbah baik secara komunal maupun skala rumah tangga atau dengan kata lain masyarakat langsung membuang limbah mereka ke badan air. Ada beberapa sistem pengolahan limbah yang ramah lingkungan dan terbilang murah yaitu dengan sistem biofilter. Pengolahan limbah domestik dengan sistem biofilter pada beberapa penelitian menghasilkan penurunan parameter limbah yang sangat baik. Penelitian ini tidak hanya menggunakan biofilter, karena dimungkinkan masih ada sisa senyawa anorganik seperti nitrat dan fosfat yang tersisa dari pengolahan sistem biofilter. Sehingga diperlukan tertiary treatment menggunakan sistem hidroponik. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu sistem tertiary treatment dengan hidroponik dapat menurunkan sisa senyawa anoganik kadar fosfat yaitu outlet kangkung (76,13%), bayam (44,9%) dan selada (45,95%), sedangkan nitrat tidak mengalami penurunan. Parameter suhu, TDS, TSS, pH, COD dan BOD sangat efisien diturunkan dengan efisiensi penurunan TDS sebesar (15,15-19,60%), TSS (51,20-88,52%), COD (49,00-63,27%) dan BOD (30,49-58,68%).
Transportation is one of the main sectors contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that cause global climate change. One of the decarbonization strategies from the transportation sector that can be implemented is by switching to a sustainable mode of transportation, especially battery electric vehicles (BEV). Since mid-2021, Obi Island has been producing Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP). It is an intermediate product of limonite nickel ore processed using hydrometallurgical processing techniques through the first refining plant in Indonesia using High Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) technology. The MHP will be processed into Nickel Sulfate (NiSO4.6H2O) and Cobalt Sulfate (CoSO4.7H2O), the primary precursor materials for electric vehicles. The potential GHG emissions reduction in the transportation sector from the processing of limonite nickel ore in Obi Island is 2.04 MtCO2 in 2022 to 21.02 MtCO2 in 2040 with a total accumulation until 2040 of 344.56 MtCO2.
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