<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Larynx of chronic smokers was clinically evaluated under high powered magnification as well as on histopathology to study the effect of fumes of nicotine on the vocal cords.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 32 chronic smokers undergoing Lewis suspension micro laryngeal surgery were selected from the laryngology clinics of Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. Intraoperative findings were recorded and the specimens were sent for histopathological examination. The study was undertaken in a period of one and a half years (June 2009-December 2010). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Maximum patients 31% (10 patients) underwent microlaryngeal surgery were smokers in the middle age group (40-50 years) and minimum 9.3% (3 patients) were above 60 years of age. Vocal polyp/polypoidal change was seen in 7 (21.87%) patients was the predominant finding followed by a chronic hypertrophic change 5 (15.62%) patients. leucoplakia 4 (12.5%) cases, tubercular caseation 3 (9.3%), vocal nodules 4 (12.5%) and vocal cysts 1 (3.125%) were the other findings in our series.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nicotine fumes affect the epithelium of the vocal cord leading to hypertrophic or hyperplastic transition. Vocal cord polypoidal change, squamous cell carcinoma and chronic hypertrophic laryngitis, in that order were the lesion in our series.</p>
had a significantly greater one year postoperative HbA1c compared to their preoperative HbA1c (5.10 vs 6.09, p 50.048). There was no significant difference in preoperative and one year postoperative HbA1c in patients $50 years. (Table ) Conclusion: Significant elevations in HbA1c post-transplant may predispose patients to post-transplant diabetes, which is associated with transplant dysfunction and mortality, and may cause post-transplant metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of and complications from cardiovascular events. Our data showed that patients under the age of 50 need careful monitoring to minimize modifiable metabolic abnormalities. Determining high-risk populations for post-transplant complications is crucial to reduce long-term post-transplant morbidity and mortality. Further research is needed to elucidate additional risk factors for post-transplant complications.
Background: Facial trauma patients were analyzed to determine the incidence, type, presentation, management, and outcome of fractures of the mandible.
Methods: The 61 patients admitted in the trauma units of Dayanand medical college Ludhiana were analyzed prospectively during a period of two years (January 2010-December 2012).
Results: In patients with multiple fractures, the common combination included zygoma and mandible (35.2%) and Le Fort II, mandible and nasoethmoid (41.2%). Out of 35 patients with mandible fractures, 8 had bilateral and 27 had single fractures making a total of 43 fractures. The body of mandible. 46.5% followed by the angle 34.8%, symphysis 9.3%, and parasymphysis 4.6% ramus and condoyle in 2.3% each were seen. Of the single mandibular fractures, the body and angle were almost equally affected in 48% and 44% cases, respectively. Isolated fracture of symphysis and parasymphysis was seen in 3.7% cases each. Isolated fracture of the ramus or condyle was not seen in any case. Half of the angle fractures were treated by wiring while shown in 1/4th each, plating and external fixation was used for treatment. Almost half (6/13) of fractures of the body were treated with external fixation. All bilateral fractures were treated with bone plating.
Conclusions: Road traffic accidents are the major cause of these fractures. Mandibular fractures are commonly associated with fractures of other facial bones. The fracture line commonly seen is in the body of mandible, followed by the angle.
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