A variety of genetic techniques have been devised to determine cell lineage relationships during tissue development. Some of these systems monitor cell lineages spatially and/or temporally without regard to gene expression by the cells, whereas others correlate gene expression with the lineage under study. The GAL4 Technique for Real-time and Clonal Expression (G-TRACE) system allows for rapid, fluorescent protein-based visualization of both current and past GAL4 expression patterns and is therefore amenable to genome-wide expression-based lineage screens. Here we describe the results from such a screen, performed by undergraduate students of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Undergraduate Research Consortium for Functional Genomics (URCFG) and high school summer scholars as part of a discovery-based education program. The results of the screen, which reveal novel expression-based lineage patterns within the brain, the imaginal disc epithelia, and the hematopoietic lymph gland, have been compiled into the G-TRACE Expression Database (GED), an online resource for use by the Drosophila research community. The impact of this discovery-based research experience on student learning gains was assessed independently and shown to be greater than that of similar programs conducted elsewhere. Furthermore, students participating in the URCFG showed considerably higher STEM retention rates than UCLA STEM students that did not participate in the URCFG, as well as STEM students nationwide.
Reactions of Ni(O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 Á4H 2 O and Cu(O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 ÁH 2 O with biacetyl bis(benzoylhydrazone) (H 2 babh) in alcoholic media afford mononuclear nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of general formula [M(babh)]. The complexes have been characterized by microanalysis (C, H, N), magnetic susceptibility, and various spectroscopic measurements. X-ray structures of both complexes have been determined. The metal centre in [Ni(babh)] is in squareplanar N 2 O 2 environment provided by the tetradentate babh 2-. On the other hand, [Cu(babh)] crystallizes as distorted square-pyramidal [Cu(babh)(CH 3 OH)] from methanol. Here the tetradentate babh 2-constitutes the N 2 O 2 square-base and the O-coordinating methanol occupies the apical site. In the crystal lattice, the molecules of [Ni(babh)] form a one-dimensional p-stacked structure. The [Cu(babh)-(CH 3 OH)] molecules also form a one-dimensional structure with alternating long and short CuÁÁÁCu distances via intermolecular O-HÁÁÁN hydrogen bonding and p-p interaction.
Reactions of CeCl 3 •6H 2 O and Gd(NO 3) 3 •5H 2 O with biacetyl bis(benzoylhydrazone) (H 2 babh) and KOH in 1:2:2 mole ratio in methanol afford the complexes [Ce(babh) 2 ](1) and [Gd(babh)(Hbabh)]•H 2 O (2•H 2 O), respectively in good yields. Characterization of the complexes has been performed with the help of elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, spectroscopic (IR, UV-Vis, EPR and NMR) and X-ray crystallographic measurements. 1 is diamagnetic and NMR active, while 2•H 2 O is paramagnetic (μ eff = 8.03 μ B at 300 K) and EPR active. The complexes crystallize as 1•CH 2 Cl 2 and 2•H 2 O. X-ray structures show that the metal centre in each of 1 and 2 is in a distorted dodecahedral N 4 O 4 coordination sphere assembled by two meridionally spanning ONNO-donor ligands. Self-assembly of 1•CH 2 Cl 2 via intermolecular C−H•••N and C−H•••Cl hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions provides one-dimensional 'ladder' type structure. On the other hand, 2•H 2 O assembles into a two-dimensional 'sheet' like network through intermolecular N−H•••O and O−H•••N hydrogen bonds.
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