Background and objective: Acinetobacter baumannii and A. baumannii/calcoaceticus complex are commonly encountered pathogens in nosocomial infections. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment and prognostic risk factors in nosocomial pneumonia caused by these microorganisms. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively in Uludag University Hospital and included 356 adult non-neutropenic patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Results: Of the subjects, 94.9% (n = 338) had ventilator-associated pneumonia. The clinical response rate was 57.2%, the 14-day mortality 39.6% and the 30-day mortality 53.1%. The significant independent risk factors for the 30-day mortality were severe sepsis (OR, 2.60; 95% CI: 1.49-4.56; P = 0.001), septic shock (OR, 6.12; 95% CI: 2.75-13.64; P < 0.001), APACHE II score ≥ 20 (OR, 2.12; 95% CI: 1.28-3.50; P = 0.003) and empiric monotherapy (OR, 1.63; 95% CI: 1.00-2.64; P = 0.048). Multi-trauma (OR, 2.50; 95% CI: 1.11-5.68; P = 0.028) was found to be a protective factor. In patients with a clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) > 6 on the third day of treatment, both the 14-and 30-day mortality rates were high (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Also, the 14-and 30-day mortality rates were significantly higher in the patients treated with empiric monotherapy compared with combination therapy (48/93 (51.6%)-46/123 (37.4%), P = 0.037 and 62/93 (66.7%)-65/123 (52.8%), P = 0.041, respectively) in pneumonia caused by imipenem-resistant strains. Conclusion: Mortality rates were high in pneumonia caused by imipenem-resistant A. baumannii or A. baumannii/calcoaceticus complex. In the units with a high level of carbapenem resistance, antibiotic combinations should be considered for empiric therapy.

ÖZETŞistozomiyaz dünyanın değişik ülkelerinde önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olup sıtmadan sonra, toplum sağlığını etkileyen ikinci sıklıktaki paraziter hastalıktır. Ülkemizde son zamanlarda endemik bölgelere artan seyahat nedeniyle hasta sayısında artış gözlenmektedir. Sunulan olgu beş yıl önce iş nedeniyle yurtdışında bulunmuş ve sonrasında gelişen hematüri şikayeti nedeniyle polikliniğimize başvurdu. Yapılan direkt mikroskobik incelemeyle idrarda Schistosoma haematobium yumurtaları tespit edildi. Hasta ile beraber şistozomiyazin epidemiyolojik ve klinik önemi tartışılmıştır. (Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2011; 35: 175- ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis is the second most frequent parasitic infection worldwide after malaria and is a major public health problem in various countries of the world. In our country due to the increasingf travel to endemic regions, the number of cases is also rising. We report herein a case of schistosomiasis who resided in Africa five years earlier and was referred to hospital with hematuria. Direct microscopic examination of the urine specimen revealed Schistosoma haematobium eggs. Epidemiology and clinical significance of schistosomiasis are also discussed. (Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2011; 35: 175-7)