Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was established more than 10 years ago to estimate prevalence and monitor changes in overweight and obesity in children aged 6–9 years. Since then, there have been five rounds of data collection in more than 40 countries involving more than half a million children. To date, no comparative studies with data on severe childhood obesity from European countries have been published. Objectives: The aim of this work was to present the prevalence of severe obesity in school-aged children from 21 countries participating in COSI. Method: The data are from cross-sectional studies in 21 European WHO member states that took part in the first three COSI rounds of data collection (2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2012/2013). School-aged children were measured using standardized instruments and methodology. Children were classified as severely obese using the definitions provided by WHO and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Analyses overtime, by child’s age and mother’s educational level, were performed in a select group of countries. Results:A total of 636,933 children were included in the analysis (323,648 boys and 313,285 girls). The prevalence of severe obesity varied greatly among countries, with higher values in Southern Europe. According to the WHO definition, severe obesity ranged from 1.0% in Swedish and Moldovan children (95% CI 0.7–1.3 and 0.7–1.5, respectively) to 5.5% (95% CI 4.9–6.1) in Maltese children. The prevalence was generally higher among boys compared to girls. The IOTF cut-offs lead to lower estimates, but confirm the differences among countries, and were more similar for both boys and girls. In many countries 1 in 4 obese children were severely obese. Applying the estimates of prevalence based on the WHO definition to the whole population of children aged 6–9 years in each country, around 398,000 children would be expected to be severely obese in the 21 European countries. The trend between 2007 and 2013 and the analysis by child’s age did not show a clear pattern. Severe obesity was more common among children whose mother’s educational level was lower. Conclusions: Severe obesity is a serious public health issue which affects a large number of children in Europe. Because of the impact on educational, health, social care, and economic systems, obesity needs to be addressed via a range of approaches from early prevention of overweight and obesity to treatment of those who need it.

These findings can guide hospitals to plan and prepare for the influenza season. Effective influenza vaccination strategies, particularly aimed at the elderly and adults with chronic diseases, can provide an opportunity for prevention of deaths due to influenza-like illness.

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Consumption of beverages is not considered adequate by athletes and coaches. The preliminary knowledge of those who are going to study in Sports Sciences Faculties will be very important. All participants were 1st year students. In the study, participants were asked to assess their socio-demographic characteristics and health behaviors, sport habbits, to determine energy drinks (ED), sports drinks (SD) and ergogenic substances (ES) patterns and frequency and consumption purposes, relationship between consumption status. Use a data collection form was prepared to determine the presence or absence of relevant proposals. Total of 101 participants (55 males, 19.2±1.5; 46 females, 19.0±1.2 years of age), participated in the survey to examine the attitudes of ED, SD and ES.  The data were evaluated in the SPSS 21.0. The categorical variablesin the questionnaire were reported as number, percentage, mean and standard deviation. A "chi-square test" and One way ANOVA tests was used. Statistical significance level was accepted as p <0,05. 52.5% of the students stated that energy drinks were beneficial, 57.4% said sports drinks were beneficial and 61.4% of the participants said that they did not have an idea about "ergogenic substances". The prevalence of ED usage was 40.0% for males and 19.5% for females (p: 0.027). While 45.4% of the males are using the SDs, this rate was found to be 13.0% in females (p<0.001). Regarding the use of ED, SD and ES, the young population and especially the sports educators in the future should be informed for the public health. As a result of this study, we would like to draw attention to the importance of education for pre-university youth. In recent years, it is important to make new educational arrangements for the developing and changing consumption habits of young people.

Bu çalışmada, okul döneminde beslenme alışkanlıkları değişen öğrencilerin spor yapma ve şişmanlık sıklığını saptamak ve bu durumlarının vücut kompozisyonlarındaki değişime etkisini görmek amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 11,54±2,08 olan 267 öğrenci katılmıştır. Yüz-yüze anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri, aile eğitimi, mesleği, kardeş sayısı, beslenme alışkanlıkları, tükettikleri besinler, kantin alışverişleri, dışarıda yemek tüketme alışkanlıkları, spor yapma sıklığı ve süresi öğrenilmiştir. Anket sonrası öğrencilerin vücut bileşimi vücut kompozisyon analizörü (TANİTA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. SPSS 21.0 istatistik paket programında tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t-testi, ki-kare ve ANOVA testleri kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların %47,6'sı kız öğrencidir. Öğrencilerin %72,2'si kantinden alışveriş yapmaktadır. Öğrencilerin %42,4'ünün her gün spor yaptığı, %20,6'sının kilolu ve %19,1'inin şişman olduğu saptanmıştır. Kız öğrencilerin vücut yağ yüzdesi ortalaması 25,31±5,5, erkek öğrencilerin ise 22,89±12,6'dır (p=0,008). Erkek ve kız öğrencilerin yağ kitleleri ortalamaları arasında fark saptanmamıştır (p=0,125). Çocuklarda kilolu ve şişman bireylerin sayısının ülkemizdeki çalışmalara benzer şekilde yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aile hekimlerinin düzenli aralıklarla okullarda izlem yapması önemlidir. Bu izlemlerde riskli çocuk ve ergenleri saptayarak ailelerine bildirim yapması, çocuklarda görülen şişmanlık sıklığını azaltabilir. Ergenlik döneminde şişmanlıktan korunmaya yönelik beslenme, egzersiz ve medikal izlem programlarının başlatılması ve takibinin yapılması çocuk sağlığı açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Giriş: Respiratuvar sinsityal virüs (RSV), dünya genelinde çocuk hastalarda da erişkinlerde de ciddi mortalite ve morbiditeye sebep olan ana patojenlerdendir. Ülkemizde RSV seyrini ortaya koymak amacıyla bu çalışma dizayn edildi.

Introduction: There are contradictory findings that support the increase of fluid intake, although it is often recommended for the prevention of constipation. It was aimed to evaluate the relationship between defecation habits and water consumption among the interns of a medical school in this study. Material and Method: This was a descriptive research and the data were collected through a web-based questionnaire. The statistical analyses were performed using distribution measure for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables by means of the SPSS program. Findings: 50,5% of the participants were women and their average age was 23,4 years. Of the participants, 55,4% stated that they paid attention to water consumption and 50,2% were determined to consume more than two litres of water per day. According to the Roman III criteria, 31,1% of the participants were found to have chronic constipation. Conclusion: It was found that there is no statistically significant relationship between constipation and water consumption. However, an important finding was that water consumption among 49,8% of the participants was less than 2 litres per day. Therefore, training and arrangements that would increase the water consumption of the students in the areas where they are located should be performed.