The reaming process normally takes place at the end of manufacturing processes when a lot of value has already been added. Therefore, reaming plays an important role for the quality of the finished product. To achieve this high quality, the occurring process errors caused by the machine tool and the reamer or incorrect workpiece handling have to be minimised. Measured data of the reaming process allow the prediction of occurring process errors without the need to evaluate the bore with a coordinate measuring machine. However, manufacturing is already completed at this stage and the correction of errors is either no longer possible or very costly. This paper presents an approach to detect axis offsets within the entry phase of the reamer by analysing the process forces. The calculated offset is then compensated by adjusting the nominal value of the motion control.
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In this work, poly(m-aminobenzoic acid) (PABA) chelating polymer was synthesized and its sorption behaviors for Pt(IV) ions have been investigated. The PABA polymer was prepared by the reaction of m-aminobenzoic acid with ammonium peroxydisulfate. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TG and DTA), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface porosity analytical methods were used in the characterization of the polymer. The FE-SEM images showed that the particles of the synthesized PABA polymer were about 2-10 μm. The PABA polymer is thermally stable up to 320 °C. The zero charge point of the polymer was found at pH 3.50. Batch adsorption experiments were used to examine the effects of pH, initial Pt(IV) concentration, contact time and temperature. The best adsorption values were obtained at pH 4, in which is above the zero charge point of the polymer. The equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of Pt(IV) adsorption on the PABA polymer were examined. The Pt(IV) maximum adsorption capacity of the polymer is 2362 μg/g. The adsorption kinetic data fitted best to pseudo-second order kinetic model. The calculations with intra-particle diffusion and the Elovich models showed that the adsorption was controlled by intra-particle diffusion and chemisorption. The adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. It was found that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In the thermodynamic calculations, the Gibbs free energies (ΔG°: (−10.98)-(−17.38) kJ/mol), the enthalpy (ΔH°:70.07 kJ/ mol) and the entropy (ΔS°: 215.3 kJ/mol) change values of the adsorption were calculated. The column adsorption-desorption and reusability studies of the PABA polymer were also performed. The results showed that Pt(IV) sorption on the PABA polymer is endothermic and chemical adsorption process which is governed by both ionic interaction and chelating mechanisms.
This chapter describes the various approaches to analyse, quantify and evaluate uncertainty along the phases of the product life cycle. It is based on the previous chapters that introduce a consistent classification of uncertainty and a holistic approach to master the uncertainty of technical systems in mechanical engineering. Here, the following topics are presented: the identification of uncertainty by modelling technical processes, the detection and handling of data-induced conflicts, the analysis, quantification and evaluation of model uncertainty as well as the representation and visualisation of uncertainty. The different approaches are discussed and demonstrated on exemplary technical systems.
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