Oil fields harbour a wide variety of microorganisms with different metabolic capabilities. To examine the microbial ecology of petroleum reservoirs, a molecular-based approach was used to assess the composition of bacterial communities in produced water (PW) of Diyarbakır oil fields in Turkey. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments was performed to characterise the bacterial community structure of PW samples and to identify predominant community members after sequencing of separated DGGE bands. The majority of bacterial sequences retrieved from DGGE analysis of PW samples belonged to unclassified bacteria (50%). Among the classified bacteria, Proteobacteria (29.2%), Firmicutes (8.3%), Bacteroidetes (8.3%) and Actinobacteria (4.2%) groups were identified. Pseudomonas was the dominant genus detected in the PW samples. The results of this research provide for, the first time, insight into the complexity of microbial communities in the Diyarbakır oil reservoirs and their dominant constituents.
Abstract. Oxidative stress and inflammation are underlying factors in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The postprandial state is characterized by low-grade oxidative and inflammatory responses, but the impact of different dietary patterns on these responses is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate postprandial oxidative and inflammatory responses to Mediterranean diet (MED) and Western diet (WD) meals. In a randomised crossover design, eleven healthy women, aged between 19–45 years with a body mass index of 20.0–24.9 kg/m2, consumed two different isocaloric meals: MED and WD. Blood samples were collected at fasting and 2, 3, 4 h postprandially and analyzed for oxidative [total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol, native thiol, malondialdehyde (MDA)] and inflammatory [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)] markers. MED meal intake resulted in increases in TAS (0.05±0.02 mmol/L; p=0.017), total thiol (23.00±7.69 μmol/L; p=0.013) and native thiol (12.82±4.94 μmol/L; p=0.027), while a decrease in MDA (−0.17±0.06 nmol/L; p=0.022) at 2 h. On the other hand, TAS reduced significantly overall (p=0.005) after WD meal intake. There was a significant increase after WD meal intake for IL-6 (1.39±0.49 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-17 (4.30±1.50 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-23 (8.38±3.51 pg/mL; p=0.038) at 4 h. However, serum hs-CRP, TNF-α and NF-κB levels were not changed significantly by meal intake. The results indicate that MED meal induces favorable effects on oxidative stress, while WD meal partially increases inflammation in daily life.
ÖZ Dünyada yaklaşık 2.5 milyon multiple sklerozis (MS) hastasının varlığına dikkat çekilmekte, MS 20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren en sık görülen nörolojik hastalık olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Görülme sıklığı, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Avrupa'da her 1000 genç yetişkin bireyde 1 olarak belirtilmektedir. Ülkemizde yürütülen epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda ise MS prevalansının 1000 genç yetişkin bireyde 0.4-1 olduğu gösterilmiştir. Görme bulanıklığı, diplopi, dizartri, konsantrasyon-dikkat bozukluğu, ekstremitelerde güçsüzlük, ataksi, yorgunluk, mesane sorunları sıklıkla rastlanan hastalık belirtileri olarak sıralanmaktadır. Patofizyolojisinde genetik ve çevresel risk etmenlerinin önemli rol oynadığı belirtilmesine rağmen MS için spesifik bir patogenez tanımlanmamıştır. Hızlı ilerleyebilen bir hastalık olması nedeniyle, tedavi seçenekleri üzerine çalışmalar devam etmekte, ortaya çıkan olumsuz tablonun geciktirilmesi konusunda öneriler sunulmaktadır. Son yıllarda da biyotin konusuna dikkat çekilerek, bu konuda etkin bilgi ve deneyimin sağlanmasının, tedavi stratejilerinin gelişimine ışık tutacağı, hastalığın ilerlemesini geciktirerek bireylerin yaşam kalitesinin geliştirebileceği önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede, yüksek doz biyotin kullanımın MS ile ilintili işlev bozuklarında iyileşme yolları konusunda ortaya konan hipotezler ve bu bağlantıda yapılan çalışma sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
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