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A Kiremitci • T Alpaslan • S Gurgan Clinical RelevanceAs a posterior composite, Filtek P60 exhibited very good clinical performance in Class II cavities for six years. Methods: A total of 47 restorations were placed in the Class II cavity preparations (27 premolars and 20 molars) of 33 patients (22 female/11 male; mean age 34) by the same operator. The restorations were evaluated by two examiners at baseline and 1, 2, 3 and 6 years according to the method developed by Ryge, which also is known as the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. The following characteristics were observed: marginal adaptation, anatomical form, surface texture, marginal discoloration, surface staining, post-operative sensitivity and secondary caries. The Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni adjustment were used for statistical analysis (p=0.05).Results: All the restorations received Alpha scores at baseline assessment, except for one restoration, which showed post-operative sensitivity. At the three-year recall examination, two patients, with a total of three restorations, were not included. From baseline to three years, only two of the 44 restorations changed from Alpha to Conclusions: The clinical performance of the posterior composite restorations that were evaluated was acceptable after six years of service.

SUMMARYObjectives: A variety of methods have been used to model the effects of bleaching agents on tooth tissue and dental materials. Although several studies have evaluated the effects of bleaching agents on restorative materials, little attention has been directed to metal ion release from dental amalgam following exposure to bleaching agents. This in vitro study investigated the effects of two carbamide-peroxide-based bleaching gels on metal ion release from different dental amalgams.Methods: Thirteen discs (10x2 mm) prepared from tgloy (non-gamma 2, admix amalgam), Septalloy NG 50 (single composition, non-spherical, non-gamma 2, ternary amalgam), Dispersalloy (dispersed phase, admix amalgam) and Permite C (high-copper, non-gamma 2, admix alloy), according to the manufacturers' instructions and polished after 24 hours, were aged for seven days at 37°C in air. The discs were then immersed in 10 ml of distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C. The amount of metal ion (Hg, Ag, Sn and Cu) release was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The discs were treated with either 16% or 30% carbamide peroxide gel and ion release analysis was repeated. The specimens were also evaluated for surface changes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using the MannWhitney U, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks and Kruskal Wallis tests.Results: Statistical analysis showed that treatment with either 16% or 30% carbamide peroxide resulted in a significant release of Hg from all tested amalgams (p<0.05). There was no signifi- Clinical RelevanceCarbamide peroxide bleaching releases metal-ions from dental amalgam. Conclusion: The release of metal ions and the microstructure of dental amalgams could be changed by treatment with 16% or 30% carbamide peroxide.

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