The role of Alternaria sp on seed vigor of rapeseed, Brassica napus, was investigated. Seed samples were collected from rapeseed growing regions of Sindh province. The samples were processed for fungal recovery using blotter paper and agar plate methods. Both methods produced a number of parasitic and saprophytic fungi. Among the recovered fungi, Alternaria sp was predominant with 16% average infection. Similarly, effect of seed treatment with Topsin M. was examined in this experiment. It improved seed health significantly over inoculated seeds. The treated seeds showed greater germination (16.15%) with 83.69% more healthy seedling in comparison with inoculated seeds. Root and shoot systems were significantly improved in seedlings from treated seed compared to those from inoculated seeds. The results of this study suggest grading seed samples to reduce seed impurities and seed treatment (particularly with Topsin M) to eliminate seed borne pathogen, especially Alternaria from rapeseed to enhance production by the growers.
Objective: To find out the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi. Period: May 2019 to October 2019. Material & Methods: Total ninety (90) subjects visiting antenatal unit were taken for the study by using non-probability sampling technique. The sample size was calculated by Andrew Fisher’s formula. After the informed consent 5ml of blood was collected in EDTA tube from the enrolled patient. The blood was centrifuged and their serum was preserved in cuvets for forthcoming TSH analysis. The cut-off value for TSH was 4.0 mIU/L as per new American guidelines 2017. Results: The cases were described according to their thyroid function tests. There were eleven (11) cases in which TSH value was more than 4.0 mIU/L. To rule out hypothyroid state we also do Ft4 for these cases whose results were normal. This interpretation identifies subclinical hypothyroid state in these cases. We did not perform ft4 for cases whose TSH was in normal range. The p-value < 0.5 was considered significant. Pearson correlation values were given in the Table-III. Conclusion: it has been concluded from the results that pregnant women are associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 4.0 mIU/L and Free T4 within normal range) which requires proper assessment during pregnancy to avoid from any further risk.
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