ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between cellular apoptosis and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum in the lumbar region.MethodsThirty patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were evaluated. Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum was present in 15 patients and absent in 15. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) immunohistochemical testing were applied to compare these two groups.ResultsDerangement of fibrous alignment, fibrocartilage changes, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the patients with hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, while fibrous alignment was normal and few inflammatory cells were observed in patients without hypertrophy. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive expression of TGF-β in patients with hypertrophy, while expression was negative in patients without hypertrophy. The integrated optical density was 2.6556708 in the hypertrophy group and 23104671 in the normal controls.ConclusionsExpression of TGF-β was closely related to hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum. Appropriate application of the TGF-β expression level can be used to predict progression of hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum.
Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the early rehabilitation and complications of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomies (PTEDs) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniations. Methods: From July 2015 to January 2017, ninety-one patients with lumbar disc herniations who underwent PTEDs were retrospectively enrolled. During the six month follow-up period, a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative (3 days, 3 months and 6 months) disturbance indexes. The Macnab criteria were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, average length of the hospital stay, postoperative recurrence rate, and complications were observed and recorded. Result: The VAS and ODI scores for the lumbocrural pain after the surgery were significantly lower than those before the surgery (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the lower back pain VAS scores on the postoperative 3rd day, 3rd month, and 6th month (p>0.05). The leg pain VAS score on the postoperative 3rd day was significantly lower than that during the postoperative 3rd month (p<0.05). The lower back pain VAS score during the postoperative 6th month was lower than that on the postoperative 3rd day, with no statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, PTEDs for the treatment of lumbar disc herniations are safe and effective, with less trauma and complications. In addition, the postoperative rehabilitation time was markedly shortened.
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