Emerging with population growth and developing technology as a result of industrial revolution, rapid and unplanned process of urbanization has led to rapid depletion of natural resources in the physical and biological environment. In consequence of urbanization, lack of urban land and accordingly excessive rise of land prices has resulted in vertical construction. In the phases of design, construction, use and demolition, high-rise buildings, consuming much more energy than low-rise buildings, have led to significant changes in the city skyline. With the rise of vertically dense structuring in the world, highrise buildings have become more questionable and requested the answers of how the buildings can be designed to care of human needs. Therefore, green building practices paying attention to ecological data have entered as an important parameter of vertically dense building design. Green building designs, and its derivatives are among the images and discourses used as a marketing strategy for the vertically dense housing design. A significant part of construction projects in Istanbul, claims that they place emphasis on the use of natural building materials and energy efficiency to associate themselves with sustainability discourses. For many segments of society, sustainability is transformed into a perception management gathering terms, such as green technology, renewable energy and smart building. In this respect, the paper aims to evaluate the development of high-rise buildings in Istanbul on Metrocity Towers, Sapphire and Varyap Meridian projects in the context of sustainability principles and practices. These projects describe three different processes and applications of sustainability. The main aim of the paper to discuss the efforts of transformation from solid structures to sustainable buildings based on various images and discourses related to high-rise building projects.
Urbanization acceleration, land shortage, the prominence of the service sector due to globalization, the development of high technology and information systems, the expansion of multinational companies as well as changing types of users have been the factors that trigger the design of high-rise buildings. The scope of research deals with five different urban centers in Istanbul where high rise housing is increasing dramatically after 2000's. Therefore, the research regards multi centered urban residential model being created by high rise housing structures in the urban area. In the framework of research hypothesis, it is aimed to prove that the character of vertical dense structuring in Istanbul is based on differentiation, form and image making in the expressive quality, considering the production of existing high rise buildings in residential areas in recent years. As the methodology of research, it is benefited from convenience sampling method while determining high-rises according to some criteria supported by thesis scope. The site analysis is realized by the help of the Sign model of Charles Sanders Peirce. The high rise buildings have been analysed in the context of icon-index-symbol sign parameters, questioning the search for differentiation, form and image.
İstanbul'da önceleri kentin merkezi iş alanı Şişli-Maslak aksında yoğunlaşan ve çoğunluğunu iş merkezleri ve otellerin oluşturduğu yüksek binalar, son yıllarda konut tipolojilerinde de baskın hale gelerek farklı kentsel odaklar yaratmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında 2000 yılı sonrası İstanbul konut mimarlığında düşey yoğun yapılaşmanın arttığı Şişli-Maslak, Başakşehir-Beylikdüzü, Kozyatağı-Ataşehir, Maltepe-Kartal ve Suriçi-Çeperler bölgesini içeren farklı kentsel odaklar incelenmektedir. Böylece, düşey yoğun konut yapılaşmasının İstanbul metropoliten alanında gösterdiği çok merkezli gelişime dikkat çekilmek istenmektedir. Araştırmanın birincil hipotezi ile, yüksek binaların konut yapılarına sıçramasıyla birlikte bu çok merkezli gelişimin arttığı ve buna bağlı olarak kentsel dokunun dönüşüme zorlandığı savunulmaktadır. Araştırmanın sınırları ve kapsamına uygun olarak İstanbul'da beş farklı kentsel odak üzerindeki konut ve konut ağırlıklı tasarlanmış 20-25 kat ve üzerindeki düşey yoğun yapıların analiz ve sentezi hedeflenmektedir. Bu kriterler doğrultusunda, Convenience Sampling (uygun örneklem) seçim metoduna göre seçilen Trump Kuleleri, G Plus, Andromeda Gold, Safi Espadon ve Onaltı dokuz kuleleri alan çalışmasına konu edilen beş farklı kentsel odaktan ele alınan örneklerdir. İstanbul'daki yüksek konut imgesinin oluşumuna odaklanan araştırmada ele alınan projeler, mimari-estetik ilişkileri, mimari-kent ilişkileri ve mimari-sunum ilişkileri bağlamında üç farklı yönüyle incelenmektedir. Son yıllarda özellikle konut alanındaki mevcut yüksek yapı üretimi dikkate alındığında farklılık ve biçim arayışlarının ön plana çıktığı ve etrafına tanınabilirlik getirmeyi hedefleyen binalar ile imge odaklı bir mimarinin gelişimi kanıtlanmaya çalışılmaktadır.
Abstract. This present study, has aimed to examine and improve the momentum and heat transport mechanism in a domestic oven. At the beginning, the experimental study has been carried out in the oven that analyzing heat transfer behavior of the oven. During the preparation and procedure of the energy consumption experiments, standards determined in EN 50304 had been used. In addition to experimental results, the numerical simulation has showed that increasing diffusion over the walls and advection in the center, the performance of the oven can be improved. Using this idea, two different models have been set up in the oven walls and have been experimentally and numerically studied. Finally, the results have been compared with the original case that validates the initial idea by improving the performance of the oven.
Considering the mixture of civilizations as one of the central locations of Istanbul, the Eminonü district has many different urban patterns related to its historical background. The Eminonü representing local Istanbul has always been a center for trade and production of traditional handcrafts throughout the history. However, the radical changes Istanbul encountered between the 19th and 20th century caused a transformation of its local context. By the 19th century, accepted as a period of modernization of Istanbul, the main commercial areas of Eminönü were transformed into modern office blocks, although conventional facades still fronted old-style courtyards. After planning arrangements in the republican era, Henry Prost's plan directed changes to the urban pattern, aiming to create a new public square in Eminönü by the demolishing parasite buildings on the northern side of Yeni Valide Mosque. Considering the rapid urbanization period of the 20th century, Eminonü preserved its urban pattern despite its changing contents until today. So, it has become one of the rarest areas in Istanbul that still resists through time despite its daily-use. Therefore, focusing on the busiest areas of Eminonü, this paper aims to reveal the changing structure of its continuous urban fabric by daily participation of users. The case study consists of Eminönü Square and its connected areas such as the harbor, commercial areas, passing areas and other functional spaces. During the research process, the old maps of Istanbul-Eminonü have been examined, besides the observation of the current image of the place. The main purpose of the research is to remark on the relationships and contradictions between the historical urban pattern and the current image of the city. In this respect, Eminönü has been evaluated with its changing urban fabric due to new user experiences and current images of the place.
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