PurposeBipartite patella is a rare developmental variation of the knee cap. We aimed to identify the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of bipartite patella and evaluate the association with clinical symptoms.Material and methodsMRI exams of 61 patients with bipartite variant were evaluated for types of bipartite patella, oedema around the synchondrosis, bipartite fragment height (FH), distance between the fragment and the patella (FPD), and signal characteristics within the synchondrosis. The study was designed with two observers in order to achieve intra- and interobserver compliance. Any other major knee pathologies that can cause pain were also recorded.ResultsOf the 61 participants the average age was 40.1 ± 14.3 years, 44 were males, and 17 were females. Fifty-nine of the bipartite fragments were located at the superolateral quadrant of the patella. There was oedema at the bipartite area in 35 patients. Ten of these patients had no major MRI diagnosis other than oedema, and they were classified as the symptomatic group. The age of the patients in the symptomatic group was statistically lower than in the asymptomatic group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of male and female distributions, signal types across the synchondrosis, and FH or FPD measurements (p > 0.05). High concordance correlation coefficients were observed on measurementsConclusionsMRI of the knee is highly accurate in evaluation of bipartite patella. To our knowledge; a detailed MRI analysis, like in our study, has not previously been performed, and our report is unique in showing that the symptomatic occurrence of bipartite patella is statistically higher in young patients.

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Background The calcaneal vascular remnant, first described by Fleming et al. in 2005, is a benign intramedullary lesion of the calcaneus with a vascular origin. Purpose To determine the prevalence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of incidental calcaneal vascular remnant on routine ankle MRI. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 457 ankle MRI scans for the presence of calcaneal vascular remnant. MRI was considered positive when a focal cyst-like area was seen on a T2-weighted sequence, and a low signal intensity was identified on a T1-weighted image beneath the calcaneal sulcus. Patients with calcaneal vascular remnants were further evaluated for age, gender, right or left foot location, size, and lesion characteristics. Results The prevalence of incidental calcaneal vascular remnant was 21.7% on our consecutive ankle MR examinations. The average lesion size was 5.5 mm. No statistically significant difference was noted in the frequency of lesion detection between gender, age, and side of the lesions ( P > 0.05). Multilobulated lesions were detected predominantly in women ( P = 0.013) and classic type lesions were detected predominantly in men ( P = 0.036). Conclusion This report is the first to determine the prevalence and MRI characteristics of calcaneal vascular remnants. Detecting and reporting this lesion on routine MRI is essential to avoid confusion with other pathologic entities.

Congenital brachymetatarsia is a rare skeletal anomaly which is characterized by the abnormal length reduction of one or more metatarsal bones. It occurs as the result of the early closure of the growth plate. While the majority of the reported cases are idiopathic, it can also be seen in association with various genetic conditions or syndromes. Brachymetatarsia most commonly involves the fourth metatarsal followed by the first metatarsal. This rare disorder is mostly bilateral and reported almost exclusively in females. Herein, we present a rare case of congenital unilateral brachymetatarsia which was incidentally detected in a young adult male.

Purpose: The cerebellar tentorium, the second-largest dural reflection in the brain, separates supratentorial and infratentorial structures. This study aimed to determine the frequency of tentorial hypoplasia (TH) and gyral herniation and their relationship with clinical findings. Methods: The standard brain MRIs were examined retrospectively. The presence of TH and laterality were investigated. If hypoplasia was accompanied by a gyrus extending inferior to the line where the tentorium should be located, this was recorded as tentorial hypoplasia-herniated gyrus (TH-HG), while the cases with hypoplasia alone were noted as isolated TH. It was also determined which gyrus or gyri were herniated. The clinical findings of the patients were obtained, and the correlation between HG was explored. Results: Standard brain MRIs of the 2051 patients were evaluated. Two hundred ten patients were excluded from the study due to different intracranial disorders, and 1841 patients, 739 (40.1%) males, and 1102 (59.9%) females, were included. Isolated TH or TH-HG was present in 56 patients, resulting in a prevalence of 3.04%. Of the patients with TH or TH-HG, 15 were men, and 41 were women. TH and TH-HG were significantly more common in women (p=0.038). TH-HG was unilateral in 22 (39.2%) patients and bilateral in 21 (37.5%). Left TH was found in 11 (19.6%) patients, left TH-HG in 29 (51.7%), right TH in eight (14.2%), and left TH-HG in 35 (62.5%). Conclusion: Hypoplasia of the tentorium is a rare and unknown anomaly that can be easily diagnosed using MRI, and different gyral herniations may accompany TH. other: no

Diagnosis of hip pathologies in the pediatric age group has difficulties. This study aimed to evaluate the hip diseases and prevalences detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients presenting with a preliminary diagnosis of hip pain. The MRI scans of pediatric patients who underwent hip MRI were re-evaluated retrospectively. Clinical and laboratory findings, pathology reports, operation and follow-up notes from the hospital information system, and MRI findings were re-evaluated as a whole and noted. It was examined whether there was a correlation between the prevalence of pathologies and the demographic data, such as age and gender. A total of 101 pediatric patients with hip pain were included in the study. The mean age was 12.29±3.35. Of these patients, 36 (35.6%) were female, and 65 (64.4%) were male. There was right hip involvement in 29 (28.7%), left hip in 47 (46.5%), and bilateral hip involvement in 25 (24.8%) patients. Legg-Calvé Perthes (LCP) disease was the most common final diagnosis seen significantly more frequently in males (p=0.016). Ischiofemoral impingement was significantly more common in girls (p=0.004). Avulsion fractures were significantly more commonly detected by patients over 10 years of age (p=0.019). Similarly, ischiofemoral impingement was more common in patients over 10 years of age (p=0.040). On the contrary, LCP disease was significantly more common in patients under 10 years of age (p<0.001). We observed that hip pathologies in children show significant differences between different age groups and genders. Because wrong and delayed diagnosis can cause irreversible joint destruction and early development of osteoarthritis, a fast and accurate diagnosis of hip pathologies in children is critical. Therefore, MRI plays a crucial role in the differential diagnosis of hip diseases, determining the correct treatment methods, and postoperative follow-up.

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