The high cost generated by the pumping stations of the water supply systems has brought great concern to the concessionaire companies in the sector. Improvements to increase the efficiency of these systems and, consequently, the reduction in the costs with electricity have been the objective of several researchers and technicians responsible for the sector. Given the large number of elements that compose these systems, finding the best operational rules is many times a complex activity; therefore, all elements must be considered. In this context, the present work presents an optimization model based on the genetic algorithms that combines the efficient use of reservoirs with the best operational rule for activating pumping systems, better dealing with the restrictions of the problem. The results obtained indicated that, with better use of the water storage infrastructure, it is possible to reduce the costs with the electricity of the system as a whole.
Electricity costs for pumping account for the majority of operating expenses for water distribution systems. Therefore, researchers and technicians in the water sector have sought to develop techniques that minimize the consumption of electricity in these systems. The large number of elements, which can change state at any time, generates a range of possibilities that makes it difficult to determine which operational scheme is most efficient. Defining the best operating rules for pumping systems is often a complex activity. In this context, the present work presents an optimization model for water distribution systems that combines the efficient use of reservoirs with the best operational rule for activating pumping systems. Using a genetic algorithm, the developed model aims to minimize the operating costs of electrical energy in the systems. The results obtained indicated that, with a better use of the water storage infrastructure, it is possible to reduce the electricity costs of the system as a whole.
A degradação e exploração dos recursos hídricos no meio urbano tem sido tema de grandes discussões em comitês de preservação ambiental. Isso se deve a má utilização deste recurso devido ao aumento da população, a falta de política de conservação e a falta de uma cultura de preservação nas áreas urbanas. Diante deste problema é necessária a busca por alternativas que promovam a conservação da água nestes centros. Para a avaliação dessas alternativas foi desenvolvido um modelo de apoio à decisão multicritério. Este modelo usa um método baseado na abordagem de sobreclassificação, o PROMETHEE V, para auxiliar o decisor na seleção de algumas alternativas de conservação e uso eficiente da água, considerando os critérios levantados pelo decisor e as restrições existentes no problema.
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