A decline in physical function is common among elderly people who have lost both bone and muscle mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between low bone and muscle mass and physical function in elderly women of different age groups who exercise regularly. The analysis included 299 elderly women. Low bone mass was determined by a T-score of −2.5 or less, and low muscle mass was determined by a skeletal muscle mass index of <5.7 kg/m2. Physical function was measured by grip strength, knee extension strength, standing ability, gait function, and balance function. The participants were divided into four groups based on bone and muscle mass (healthy, low bone mass, low muscle mass, and low bone and muscle mass groups), and their physical functions were compared. There were no statistically significant differences in physical function between the low bone and muscle mass and the healthy groups. There were also no statistically significant differences in physical function among the four groups in the late elderly stage (75 and older). Elderly women who exercise regularly are less likely to experience a decline in physical function, even if they have reduced bone and muscle mass.
The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine the physical function of community-dwelling older women with bone and muscle mass loss. A total of 105 older women aged ≥65 years, who participated in physical fitness sessions held in 2018 and 2019, were included in the study. The criterion for bone loss was a T-score ≤ -2.5, and muscle loss was defined as a limb skeletal muscle index of <5.7 kg/m 2 . Based on body composition at 1 year, participants were divided into four groups: bone and muscle loss group, muscle loss-only group, bone loss-only group, and normal group. Their physical function at baseline were compared. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted using the four body composition groups as dependent variables. The results showed that body mass index (BMI), grip strength, and normal walking speed were significantly affected in the bone and muscle loss group. These suggest that low BMI, low grip strength, and slow normal walking speed affect the older women with progressive bone and muscle loss.
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