This paper describes improved methods of web access for the visually impaired. Some A few web access systems for the visually impaired have already been developed and are widely used. The improvements described in this paper are in two areas. The first is a fastest mean of jumping from the current sentence position into desired sentence position within web pages. The second is a facility for searching for sentences that have been updated since a previous viewing. User testing was carried out, and the two facilities were found to reduce not only the web page access time but also the user's mental workload.
In a document analysis system, block segmentation and block classification are very important. The former segments a particular document image into homogeneous rectangular blocks. The latter classifies the segmented blocks into categories. These classified blocks may then be processed by suitable recognition systems. In this paper, we formalize the structure styles of general documents, and then propose both a robust hierarchical method of block segmentation and a simple method of block classification. The proposed block segmentation method takes a top-down hierarchical approach based on the spatial features and formalized concepts of document structure. This method is essentially independent of the document style, and can perform a type of structural analysis of the document image. The classification approach is based on a new scheme of statistical textual features, and classifies the segmented blocks into four categories: text blocks, title letter blocks, line drawing (or graphics) blocks, and halftone phonograph blocks. The proposed approaches were implemented using the C programming language in an X-Window environment under the UNIX operating system. The performance of each approach was experimentally evaluated, for both effectiveness and computational efficiency, using actual test images.
Swell paper had been widely used to confirm graphical representation for the visually impaired. However, most tactile graphs on such paper were created by people with normal vision, who, in most cases, do not fully understand how to translate the visual aspects of a graph into a representation that the visually impaired can grasp. This paper describes a graph presentation system for translating original data sequences of electronic documents into the graph presentation. This system generates graphical representation in a tactile form. Users can touch a pin array and get a rough image of the tactile graph, and iterate graph magnification to confirm the details of the graph. They can also confirm each plotted value with auditory feedback. Experiments show that users can perceive not only simple graphs, but also complex graphs like a stock chart. Subjects were able to perceive not only maximum and minimum values, but also statistical trends of the graphs.
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