In a 29-year-old male complaining of constipation, total colonoscopy revealed a 5 mm yellowish submucosal tumor at a distance of 6 cm from the anal ring. The histologic diagnosis of specimens obtained by biopsy was rectal carcinoid tumor and transanal ultrasonography revealed the tumor localization within the submucosal layer in the rectum. A strip biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis and ascertained complete excision. Rectal carcinoid tumors should be removed completely and strip biopsy may be a suitable procedure for removal of rectal submucosal tumors less than 10 mm in diameter.
External ATP causes a remarkable change in the passive permeability of the plasma membrane in several types of transformed cells. When mouse melanoma cells, Clone‐M3, were exposed to ATP in Tris‐buffered saline, a great increase in the passive permeability was induced within several minutes. Longer exposure of Clone‐M3 cells to external ATP led to a decrease in cell viability. Similar results were obtained with Ehrlich ascites cells, but none of these ATP effects were noted in untransformed cells such as NIH 3T3 cells or BALB/c mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of antitumor agents (5‐fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomicin C and nimustine hydrochloride) against Clone‐M3 cells were additively potentiated by treatment with external ATP, which also synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of vincristine. However, the effects of these drugs on mouse embryonic fibroblasts were not modulated by ATP. These results suggest that ATP‐treatment is a useful means of enhancing a selective toxicity for tumor cells.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mother and therapist vocalizations on children's neural activity with a psychomotor developmental disorder in rehabilitation situations, in order to clarify what kind of emotional effects different vocalizations of "others" have and how they affect rehabilitation intervention. A total of 9 conditions were set to 7 subjects (mean age: 4.9±2.9 years), 8 conditions for mother and therapist voice contact, and 1 condition for therapist only, in the actual rehabilitation situation, and the cranial neural activity between each condition was compared. The results showed that mother vocalizations showed brain activity in affective, motor, and cognitive regions, while therapist vocalizations showed brain activity in the linguistic region. Results suggest that mother and therapist's well-timed vocalizations can be an effective and efficient factor in supporting rehabilitation in terms of positive emotion and cognition changes, in addition to being a stimulus to promote therapeutic effects, which has already been shown to be a fundamental element in motor learning.
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