Background: Skin reconstruction of full-thickness skin defect wounds using artificial dermis is performed using secondary split-thickness skin grafting. For the selection of artificial dermis to shorten the treatment period, the waiting time until secondary skin grafting was investigated when the dermis-like tissue was constructed with Pelnac or Integra. Methods: We evaluated 26 patients who underwent secondary skin grafting after dermis reconstruction with Pelnac (18 patients) or Integra (8 patients) for full-thickness skin defects between 2006 and 2017. The waiting period from artificial dermis application to closure of the full-thickness skin defect with a secondary skin graft was investigated retrospectively. Results: Skin grafts survived well in all cases, and no complications of grafts or donors were observed. The mean waiting period was 17.5 ± 4.2 and 22.0 ± 4.6 days for the Pelnac and Integra groups, respectively (significantly shorter in the Pelnac group). Conclusions: The difference in waiting period is presumed to be due to the structural differences between the collagen sponge layer, which is the dermal replacement layer of Pelnac and Integra grafts. In cases where shortening the treatment period is important, Pelnac should be the first choice. In addition, in pediatric cases and widespread burns where it is difficult to control the infection during the waiting period, Pelnac is considered to be the first choice because the risk can be reduced by shortening the waiting period.
Although endoscopic transmaxillary repair of orbital floor fractures is a minimally invasive treatment, controversy remains regarding the method for supporting the orbital floor after elevation of the orbital contents. To date, a urethral balloon catheter has been widely used. However, it can be difficult to leave the catheter in place for a long time period due to the inconvenience, and prolapse of the orbital contents may recur in the case of its premature removal. This study described the techniques for endoscopic reduction and use of a balloon for orbital floor fractures. From June 2006 through November 2011, 30 of 52 patients (57.7%) with an isolated orbital floor fracture underwent endoscopic transmaxillary repair. A maxillary sinus balloon (#3007, Koken Co., Japan) was inserted into the maxillary sinus to support the orbital floor after endoscopic transmaxillary reduction, and the connecting tube of the balloon was pulled into the nasal cavity through the maxillary ostium. After confirmation of accurate reduction by postoperative CT, the connecting tube was shortened and hidden in the nasal cavity. The balloon was left in place for 4-8 weeks, and then removed via the maxillary ostium on an outpatient basis. Complete resolution of the preoperative diplopia was achieved in 93%, and no late-developing enophthalmos was seen in 97% of the patients. There were no significant complications. This technique is safe and permits prolonged retention of the balloon, without interfering with daily life.
Although artificial dermis (AD) is effective for skin reconstruction, it requires two separate procedures, because the AD must be vascularised before skin grafts. To shorten the period of the dermis-like tissue generation before the secondary skin grafting must be beneficial. Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells are isolated from mature adipose cell suspensions and have potential to differentiate into multiple cell types including endothelial cells. This study aimed to investigate effects of DFAT cells on dermal regeneration after AD grafts in rats. The effects of combination use of DFAT cells and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were also tested to mimic clinical situations. DFAT cells were isolated from SD rats. Full-thickness wounds were created on the back of rats followed by AD grafting. Five groups were established; Group I: control, Group II: treated with DFAT cells, Group III: treated with bFGF, Group IV: treated with both of DFAT cells and bFGF, and Group V: treated with Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled DFAT cells and bFGF. Histological evaluation was serially performed. Group IV showed markedly promoted vascularisation of dermis-like tissue. In particular, capillary infiltration into the dermis was obtained within 2 days. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the transplanted DFAT cells had differentiated into endothelial cells and participated in angiogenesis. Group IV also showed a marked increase in the thickness of the dermis like tissue. The present results suggest that the use of DFAT cells under bFGF treatment could be beneficial to shorten the period required for dermal regeneration and vascularisation and contribute to use AD more effectively and safely.
In recent years, endoscope-assisted balloon fixation using transantral and endonasal approaches has gained popularity as a minimally invasive treatment for orbital floor fractures. However, the optimal duration for balloon placement and the efficacy of the method have not been fully evaluated. The authors report their assessment of this method using postoperative and chronological measurements of the maxillary sinus volume.Fourteen patients with blowout fracture of the orbital floor who underwent reduction using endoscopic transantral and endonasal approaches followed by 6-week fixation with a balloon were evaluated. The volume of the maxillary sinus was measured for comparison using computed tomography at the time of balloon removal and 6 months after the surgery.The ratio of change in the maxillary sinus volume (maxillary sinus volume 6 months after surgery/maxillary sinus volume at balloon removal) for all subjects was 0.90 to 1.04 (0.96 ± 0.44, mean ± SD). No postoperative reduction in volume was detected, indicating satisfactory fixation. Postoperative computed tomography showed bone regeneration in the orbital floor in all patients in whom the fractured bone fragments were removed. No subjects had remaining enophthalmos greater than 2 mm.The postoperative change in the maxillary sinus volume was small, confirming the efficacy of 6-week balloon placement. This method was effective even in patients in whom fractured bone fragments were removed. Therefore, it is advisable to remove the fractured bone fragments if there is concern that the fragments will stray into the orbit due to inflation of the balloon.
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