This study sought to reveal the evolving technological interdependence of the emerging Taiwanese biofuel industry by accessing the European Patent Office database using a two-stage interactive data collection method. Our empirical results were as follows. (1) Most of the Taiwanese patent rights related to biofuel technologies are held by foreign direct investment (FDI) with a focus on chemical engineering and process technology. (2) Most domestic Taiwanese biofuel technology patents are related to waste management, sludge treatment, and the isolation of micro-organisms. (3) Biofuel is an interdisciplinary technology. Based on the electronics, bio and environmental technologies advantages. Taiwan has the niche to development biofuel in second generation technology. This essay provides the resource-lack countries like Taiwan, through trajectory of inventorying the relevance of related industrial technologies which is supplemented by the key technologies, may serves as effective linkage and catalyst in problem-solving to help select alternative potential energy technologies to stimulate the growth of emerging industries and developed their own advantage industrial technologies and building innovation capabilities.