Dense CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT) and Na0.475Ca0.05Bi4.475Ti4O15 (NCBT) ceramics with a highly
preferred {001} orientation were prepared by the reactive templated grain growth (RTGG)
method. Plate-like Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) particles were synthesized by a molten salt technique and
used as the reactive template. The template particles were mixed with other oxide and carbonate
powders and aligned by tape-casting. During the sintering, oriented CBT and NCBT were
formed in situ topotaxially on the oriented BIT particles, and textured CBT and NCBT ceramics
were eventually fabricated by the templated grain growth and densification. The Lotgering
{001} orientation degree of the textured ceramics exceeded 90% for secondary-laminate
sintered specimens. Textured CBT and NCBT ceramics poled in the perpendicular direction to
the preferred <001> axis exhibited electromechanical coupling coefficient (k
33) and
piezoelectric coefficients (d
33 and g
33) three times higher than the values for nontextured
ceramics with the same composition.
Dense CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT) ceramics with a unique texture were prepared by the reactive templated grain growth (RTGG) method using an extrusion technique. Plate-like Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) particles, a reactive template for CBT, were mixed with other oxide and carbonate powders and unidirectionally aligned by extrusion. During sintering, oriented CBT grains were formed in situ topotaxially on the oriented BIT particles, and the templated grain growth and their densification eventually fabricated textured CBT ceramics. X-ray diffraction measurements and scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that the plate-like CBT grains were unidirectionally oriented parallel to the extruding direction without uniaxial alignment. Textured CBT ceramics poled in the extruding direction exhibited electromechanical coupling coefficients (k
33) and piezoelectric coefficients (d
33 and g
33) more than two times as large as one of nontextured ceramics with the same composition.
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