Transition-metal molybdates have concerned enormous curiosity as supercapacitors, photocatalysts, and electrocatalysts. These materials are the best alternatives to noble-metal-based catalysts, which are generally show a limited photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activity. In addition, the antiprotozoal drug can usually pollute the environment through improper disposable and incomplete metabolism, and it is very dangerous to humans as well as aquatic animals. Therefore, here, we have studied the electrochemical determination and photodegradation of neurotoxicity clioquinol (CQL) by nanoplate-like tin molybdate (Sn(MoO), denoted as SnM), which is used as both an electro- and a photocatalyst. The as-prepared catalyst delivered a highly efficient activity toward the detection and degradation of CQL. The proposed nanoplate-like SnM was prepared through a simple wet-chemical route, and its physicochemical properties were characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. As an electrochemical sensor, the SnM electrocatalyst exhibited tremendous activity for the detection of CQL in terms of lower potential and enhanced anodic peak current. In addition, it showed high selectivity, a wide linear concentration range, a lower detection limit, and good sensitivity. From the UV-vis spectroscopy study, the SnM photocatalyst delivered an excellent photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of CQL in terms of increasing contact time and reducing CQL concentration, resulting in the increasing of the degradation efficiency about 98% within 70 min under visible light irradiation and showing an appreciable stability by observation of the reusability of the catalyst.

We have successfully synthesized nanostructured cubic NiAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles for the selective electrochemical determination of gallic acid (GA) and the prepared nanostructured composite material was characterized by (X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. The cubic NiAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles had average sizes of ∼ 26-30 nm as calculated from XRD and SEM measurements, respectively. GA-detection performance was also evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry method. NiAl 2 O 4 glassy carbon electrode showed excellent performance in GA detection with a linear range, detection limit (SNR = 3 sb/S), limit of quantitation (LOQ = 10 sd/S) and sensitivity value of 0.03-551.18 μM, 0.018 μM, 0.057 μM and 9.019 μM mA −1 cm −2 , respectively. The GA sensor was also used in real-sample analysis using food samples, and results showed the practicability of the proposed sensor.

Detection of trace quantities of pharmaceutical drug ofloxacin (OFL) must be very simple and accurate. Innovative honeycomb-like structures have received considerable attention over the years due to their superior electrochemical and mechanical character. Herein, rod-shaped Bi2O3/ZnO and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were assembled to form a honeycomb structure like nanocomposite (hc-Bi2O3/ZnO:f-MWCNT). The new hc-BZM was synthesized via the cost-effective sonochemical method. A simple and convenient electrochemical determination of OFL was developed based on hc-BZM modified GCE. The physicochemical and electrochemical characterization was investigated by CV and DPV. The respective calibration curve has good linearity with current vs the concentration of OFL in the range of 0.5 to 39 μM with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.991. From the calibration curve slope, the detection limit and sensitivity were determined to be 0.03 μM and 1.063 μA μM–1 cm–2. The proposed sensor explained the structural advantages of simple design, low cost, wide linear range, good selectivity, and reusability. Also, the suggested hc-BZM composites can provide a new platform for the simultaneous determination of OFL, PXM, and DA. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied for the determination of OFL in human urine and serum sample, the obtained results have good agreement with added and the recovery value.

2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) is a toxic pollutant harmful to both ecosystems and human health. As such, its detection is important. Here, a novel double perovskite oxide Gd2NiMnO6 nanostructures (GNMO NSs) fabricated with Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was used as an electrochemical sensor to analyze TCP in dry red wine. The electrochemical conducting properties of the prepared GNMO NSs were analyzed by Electron impedance spectra. For the first time, the electrochemical sensing performance of a GNMO NSs modified electrode has been scrutinized using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques at a potential range from +0.4 to +1.0 V. The detection of TCP at the GNMO modified SPCE electrode explore the high catalytic activity than the bare SPCE. From the DPV results, the linear range and limit of detection for TCP were observed as 0.05–39.05, 47.05–1624, and 0.023 μM, respectively. The real sample analysis was carried out using red wine to detect the presence of TCP. The GNMO fabricated SPCE sensor displayed a good sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility.