Concerns about the reliability of electricity supplies have motivated researches to investigate the possibility of electrical consumers to take a more active role in the operations of the power system. The work in this paper looks into the potential of an industrial chemical plant to provide support to the electricity grid by means of demand-side response (DR) programs. To do so, this paper proposes a method to assess the flexibility of the plant to provide electrical power reserves while ensuring that the production demand is satisfied, as well as an economic analysis of the plant operations incorporating DR programs to quantify the incentives the plant should receive in order to participate in these programs. Therefore, the current study presents a novel optimization framework which integrates production scheduling with DR programs, with the aim to determine optimal decisions for the operating * corresponding author Email address: d.xenos@imperial.ac.uk (Dionysios P. Xenos) June 7, 2016 conditions within the plant while safely providing services to the electricity grid.
Preprint submitted to Applied EnergyKeywords: demand-side management, demand response, optimization, industrial smart grid, power reserve, air separationIndices/Sets ch1 ∈ CH1 measurements of variables of convex hull problem one ch2 ∈ CH2 measurements of variable of convex hull problem two ch3 ∈ CH3 measurements of variable of convex hull problem threee ∈ E products of air separation plant (e.g., N 2 and O 2 )set of headers connected with compressor i J (u) set of headers that are connected to air separation unit u U (z) set of air separation units connected to storage tank z U (e) set of air separation units that produce product e Z (e) set of storage tanks that store product e
This paper proposes a correction method, which corrects the actual compressor performance in real operating conditions to the equivalent performance under specified reference condition. The purpose is to make fair comparisons between actual performance against design performance or reference maps under the same operating conditions. Then the abnormal operating conditions or early failure indications can be identified through condition monitoring, which helps to avoid mandatory shutdown and reduces maintenance costs. The corrections are based on an iterative scheme, which simultaneously correct the main performance parameters known as the polytropic head, the gas power, and the polytropic efficiency. The excellent performance of the method is demonstrated by performing the corrections over real industrial measurements.
The objective of designing a control structure that takes the degradation of the system into account is to preserve its performance and mitigate further damage. This problem is often encountered in process industries, e.g. in gas processing plants, where the question arises how to distribute the control effort among multiple actuators based on their degradation. The main focus of this work is to investigate how to assign the loads in a two-compressor system taking the degradation, i.e. the loss of available performance, into consideration. Contrarily to other approaches, such as methods based on distance to surge or predictive control, the algorithm proposed in this work does not require a reconfiguration of the control structure, at the same time taking explicitly the degradation into account. The simulation results confirm that this approach mitigates further loss of performance, in particular for compressors, which have significantly different degradation rates. *Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from the Marie Curie Horizon 2020 EID-ITN project "PROcess NeTwork Optimization for efficient and sustainable operation of Europe's process industries taking machinery condition and process performance into account PRONTO", Grant agreement No 675215.
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