Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of BD MAX and GenomEra PCR assays for a rapid PCR detection of vaginal carriage of group B streptococci at delivery. Methods This is a retrospective laboratory analysis of vaginal swab samples taken intrapartum from a randomly selected cohort of pregnant women giving birth at a single childbirth and maternity unit. Results Ninety-one culture-positive and 279 culture-negative vaginal samples were included from a cohort of 902 women. One-hundred-and-two specimens were found positive with the BD MAX and 84 with the GenomEra PCR assay. No statistically significant difference was observed compared to culture, sensitivity of BD MAX 84.6% (77/91) [95%CI 75.5–91.3] and of GenomEra 71.4% (65/91) [95%CI 61.0–80.4]. When compared to a combined reference standard, no statistically significant differences were seen between culture, BD MAX and GenomEra PCR assays. The sensitivities were 82.7% (91/110) [95%CI 74.3–89.3], 87.3% (96/110) [95%CI 79.6–92.9], and 79.1% (87/110) [95%CI 70.3–86.3], respectively. Conclusion Both PCR assays performed comparably to culture of the intrapartum vaginal samples. In particular, the GenomEra assay is potentially an easy and rapid on-site PCR test for intrapartum detection of vaginal carriage of group B streptococci at a maternity ward to identify women who should receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.
Lactadherin was originally described due to its appearance in milk, but is abundantly expressed especially by professional and nonprofessional phagocytes. The proteins has been shown to have a multitude of bioactive effects, including inhibition of inflammatory phospholipases, induction of effero‐ and phagocytosis, prevent rotavirus induced gastroenteritis, and modulate intestinal homeostasis by regulating epithelial cell migration. The level of expression seems to be important in a row of serious pathologies linked to the intestinal epithelial barrier function, vascular‐ and autoimmune disease. This study examines the ability of lactadherin to modulate migration of intestinal epithelium. A cell exclusion assay is used to quantify the ability of human, bovine and murine lactadherin orthologs to affect migration of primary small intestine epithelium cells. Previous reports show that recombinant murine lactadherin stimulate rat small intestine cell migration. The present study could not confirm this. Conversely, 10 μg/ml lactadherin inhibits migration. Therefore, as lactadherins enteroprotective properties is well established using in vivo models we conclude that the protective effects are linked to lactadherins ability operate as an opsonin, or other modulating effects, and not a direct lactadherin‐cell induction of migration. Thus, the molecular mechanism behind the enteroprotective role of lactadherin remains to be established.
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