Penyebab cedera kepala terbanyak adalah jatuh (40,9%), kecelakaan sepeda motor (40,6%), terkena benda tumpul dan tajam (7,3%), kecelakaan alat transportasi darat lain (7,1%), dan kejatuhan benda (2,5%). Cedera kepala merupakan penyebab kematian dari hampir setengah kasus trauma. Fraktur kranium merupakan patahnya satu atau lebih tulang pada tulang tengkorak. Sekitar 1% sampai 5,5% dari total kasus cedera kepala terdapat epidural hematoma. Tingkat mortalitas pada kasus epidural hematoma mencapai 20%. Menurut Daniel P. Prince, epidural hematoma ditemukan dalam 1-2% dari seluruh kejadian trauma kepala. Dalam 90% kasus epidural hematoma berhubungan dengan fraktur kranium. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis hubungan antara epidural hematoma dan fraktur kranium pada pasien cedera kepala. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional berdasarkan data sekunder, yaitu hasil pengamatan rekam medis pasien cedera kepala yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,015) antara kejadian fraktur kranium dengan epidural hematoma pada pasien cedera kepala yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin, Palembang pada tahun 2017. Pasien cedera kepala dengan fraktur kranium lebih berisiko 4,250 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami epidural hematoma dibandingkan dengan pasien yang tidak memiliki fraktur kranium, dan pasien cedera kepala dengan fraktur kranium berisiko sekurang-kurangnya 1,256 kali mengalami epidural hematoma dan sebesar-besarnya 14,151 kali mengalami epidural hematoma. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara fraktur kranium dengan epidural hematoma pada pasien cedera kepala.
Latar belakang. Anak hidrosefalus dengan VP shunt dapat mengalami penurunan kualitas hidup (QoL) akibat berbagai faktor yang hingga kini belum banyak diteliti.Tujuan. Menilai luaran QoL anak hidrosefalus dengan VP shunt dan faktor yang memengaruhinya.Metode. Anak berusia 5-18 tahun dengan hidrosefalus yang dipasang VP shunt tahun 2010-2015 diidentifikasi melalui rekam medis. Orangtua kemudian diwawancarai dengan panduan kuesioner HOQ (hydrocephalus outcome questionnaire). Hasil meliputi skor QoL pada aspek fisik, kognitif, dan keseluruhan. Skor 0 menunjukkan luaran terburuk dan skor 1 terbaik. Dilakukan analisis perbedaan skor berdasarkan faktor risiko (usia saat pemasangan, etiologi, adanya kejang dan komplikasi shunt) dan analisis kategorik berdasarkan pencapaian skor standar penelitian terdahulu (0,69).Hasil. Terdapat 95 anak yang diidentifikasi, 18 meninggal dan 46 dengan data tidak lengkap sehingga terdapat 31 anak yang dianalisis. Skor HOQ yang didapatkan, yaitu fisik 0,75±0,27, sosial-emosional 0,78±0,22, kognitif 0,66±0,31, dan keseluruhan 0,73±0,25. Skor HOQ keseluruhan lebih rendah pada anak dengan komplikasi. Kejang (RR 2,52) dan komplikasi shunt (RR 4,85) berhubungan dengan luaran buruk. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan hanya komplikasi yang berhubungan dengan QoL buruk (adjusted OR 15,11).Kesimpulan. Luaran QoL ditemukan lebih baik dibandingkan penelitian sebelumnya. Kejang dan komplikasi shunt dapat berpengaruh negatif terhadap luaran QoL anak hidrosefalus dengan VP shunt.
ABSTRACT Introduction. Incidence of head injuries is also quite high in Indonesia, around 1.4 million cases per year with a mortality rate of 15-20% in the population aged 5 to 35 years. Head injuries are commonly divided into two separate time periods namely primary and secondary brain injuries. Primary brain injury is physical damage to the parenchyma (tissue and blood vessels) that occurs during a traumatic event, thus causing compression of the surrounding brain tissue. Secondary brain injury is a continuation of the results of primary brain injury with the main complications of brain injury in the following hours and days. This study was aimed to asses the benefits of administration of mannitol in cases of severe head injury in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods. This research was a clinical trial without comparison by looking at hematocrit levels in patients with severe head injuries with intracranial hypertension before and after given mannitol therapy. Data analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Version 23. Data was presented in the form of narrative tables. Then the paired T test was performed. P value <0.05. Results. From 39 research subjects, the age of the subjects ranged between 6-88 years with an average of 33 years. Based on sex there were 28 male sufferers (71.8%) and there were 11 female sufferers 28.2%. GCS varies from 3 to GCS 8 intra-cranial abnormalities. From 39 research subjects with severe head injury without surgery, a hematocrit examination was performed before, after 10 minutes and 6 hours of injection of mannitol bolus 1 g / kg body weight. It was obtained that averaged hematocrit before mannitol administration was 34, after 10 minutes was 33 and after 6 hours was 35. Conclusion. There is a decrease in hematocrit levels after administration of bolus mannitol 1 g / kg BW at the beginning of mannitol administration and hematocrit will increase again after 6 hours of mannitol administration
Introduction: Head injury is both major health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. Epidemiological studies of head injuries are essential for the effective prevention and treatment of head injury patients, but often found with unclear definitions of head injury. The use of the ICU is associated with higher costs and decreased availability for patients who need it. Oftenly, patients with head injuries require admission to the ICU both before surgery and after surgery. We aim to describe the charachteristic of patients with head injuries who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) and treated in the ICU at Mohamad Hoesin Hospital Methods: This research was an observational descriptive study. Using secondary data from the medical records of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. Performed in the from July 2019 to December 2019. Samples were all patients diagnosed with head injuries. Results: There were 177 subjects participated who met study critera, of which 51 subjects were admitted to ICU. ICU-admitted head injured patients were mostly male (78.5%). The largest age distribution is 11-20 year old (33.3%). The most common type of head injuries admitted to ICU according to CT scan was hemorrhagic head injuries (88.9%). The most common type of head injury admitted to ICU according to GCS was severe head injury (51.1%) Conclusion: Male patients, patients age of 11–20-year-old, severe head injury, and hemorrhagic head injury were the most common characteristic of patients diagnosed with head injuries admitted to ICU at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital
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