Memories of labor pain can evoke intense negative reactions in a few women, but are more likely to give rise to positive consequences related to coping, self-efficacy, and self-esteem.

By relating research findings to the literature on guideline and research utilization, this study gives further insight into the implementation of evidence-based practice by nurses. In particular, it supports the conclusion that to be truly effective, initiatives to promote evidence-based practice require nurses to act as local facilitators and leaders.

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In order to discover the amount of information given to women so that they can make a choice as to whether to have a scan or not, a questionnaire was sent to 100 maternity units. Ninety-four units responded; out of these a subsample of 45 were sent a further, more detailed questionnaire. Analysis of the results revealed that 48% of the initial sample units gave information to women of the scan's potential to detect anomalies; of these only 26% gave the information before the first scan. Eighty-three per cent of the midwives asked knew that anomalies can be detected at any scan. The value of scanning as a screening procedure was only discussed with women in 10 units in this sample, 83% of the midwives seemingly confused about its use in this respect. It was found therefore that the minority of units in this sample gave comprehensive, unbiased, information to aid women in their choice of whether or not to undergo ultrasound in pregnancy.

A 'normal' ABPI should not be considered a fixed figure (1.00) and that ABPI may be dependant on an individual's blood pressure and possibly other factors. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE. Ankle Brachial Pressure Index is a routine procedure undertaken when assessing the vascular supply to the lower legs. The results summarized in this paper will be useful to clinicians attempting to interpret ABPI results in young people.