Cereal Chem. 88(4):375-384Two hull-less barley cultivars, one with waxy starch and the other with high-amylose starch, were roller-milled unpearled and after 15% pearling. Flows of varying length, with diverse roll settings and roll surfaces were used to determine effects on the yield, composition, and properties of milled products. Similar trends were noted for the two cultivars. When using a short flow comprising four break passages and a sizing passage, power consumption during grinding was reduced by 10% when roll flute orientation was changed from dull-to-dull (D/D) to sharp-to-sharp (S/S). Flute orientation had minimal effects on the yield and brightness of flour, but SS grinding gave a higher yield of a fiber-rich fraction (FRF). FRF yield and composition are of particular interest because FRF has potential as a functional food ingredient due to elevated levels of β-glucans (BG) and arabinoxylans (AX). When using smooth frosted rolls (SM) for the

BACKGROUND Lodging can negatively affect yield and quality of barley grain. Synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) reduce lodging by producing shorter, thicker, and stronger stems. However, the impact of applying PGRs on malting performance of barley is not known. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of application of three PGRs (ethephon, chlormequat chloride, and trinexapac‐ethyl) in combination with different seeding rates on the malting quality of barley grown in several locations and years in western Canada. RESULTS The kernel weight in PGR‐treated barley was reduced by 1.7% to 6.5% compared with the nontreated grain. Application of PGRs had no effect on the concentration of proteins and germination energy. Seeding rates significantly affected kernel weight, protein content, and germination index (GI), but no interactions between PGRs and seeding rates were observed. The smaller kernels of ethephon‑ and trinexapac‐treated barley showed good hydration and grain modification during malting, as indicated by high levels of starch‐converting enzymes, high Kolbach indices, and low levels of wort β‐glucans. Overall, the fine extract of malt from PGR‐treated barley was slightly lower than that of the control malt; however, the extract reduction was statistically significant only for chlormequat‑ and trinexapac‐treated barley. CONCLUSIONS The application of PGRs had significant effects on kernel plumpness and kernel weight, but the effects of PGR application on the malting quality were generally small and insignificant. The decision of PGRs application on malting barley needs to be considered in combination with potential benefits of PGRs in mitigating lodging and their effects on the agronomic performance of barley. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2019

Grinding and dividing equipment were evaluated for their ability to comminute and divide ground oats in preparation for mycotoxin analysis. Four different grinders, using various settings, were evaluated for their ability to comminute oats and produce small particle sizes. Rotor beater type grinders produced the more desirable finer ground samples as compared to burr type mills. Four different division methods (manual scooping, rotary sample division, and two designs of gravity-fed dividers) were assessed for their ability to produce sub-samples with consistent particle size fraction distributions. No practical differences were observed on the particle size fraction distribution of test portions of finely ground oats produced using the four different division methods; therefore, no effects on mycotoxin analysis were anticipated. The effects of processing naturally contaminated whole oats on mycotoxin concentrations was also assessed. Laboratory scale dehulling, steaming, and kilning were examined. Dehulling showed the greatest impact and removed 60-100% of various Fusarium- and Alternaria-produced mycotoxins, as well as ergosterol, present on the naturally contaminated whole oats. Different from the other analytes studied, only 48% of the mycotoxin plant transformation product deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside was present in hulls and removed during dehulling. Steaming and kilning appeared to increase ergosterol in groats, as well as decrease deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3- glucoside. The observed inconsistent changes in concentrations of tentoxin after heat treatment of groats appeared to be due to sample heterogeneity.

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BackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the arabinoxylan (AX) content, yield, recovery, and enrichment factors of milling fractions obtained from short‐ and long‐flow milling from biofortified (+) and nonbiofortified (−) oats cv. Haskara by determining the monosaccharide components besides dietary fiber and mineral contents.FindingsCoarse brans (CB) obtained by short‐flow milling from Haskara (+) and (−) samples had around 3.3% AX contents and 1.5 enrichment factor while fine brans (FB) obtained by long‐flow milling had around 3.8% AX contents and enrichment factors higher than CB. The differences between bran samples of Haskara (+) and Haskara (−) were significant (p < .05) in terms of insoluble dietary fiber. CB of Haskara (+) had 1.5, 2.9, and 3.8 times higher Zn, I, and Se contents than those of whole grain Haskara (−) while FB of Haskara (+) had 1.7, 4.7, and 3.7 times higher Zn, I, and Se contents than those of whole grain Haskara (−), respectively.ConclusionsMineral/fiber‐rich fractions obtained by biofortification and milling applications can be used against mineral deficiency.Significance and NoveltyThis is a pioneering study on AX and mineral contents of fractions obtained by different milling flows from biofortified hull‐less oats.