A task-force to resolve 26 pending forensic caseworks was carried out. We tested four different protocols to extract DNA from molar and pre-molar teeth from 26 cadavers with post-mortem intervals from 2 months to 12 years. We compared the amount of DNA and DNA profiles with the time elapsed between death and laboratory procedures. Molar or pre-molar teeth were removed from the corpses, cleaned, and DNA was extracted using 2 or 12h of incubation on lysis buffer and filtered using concentration column or precipitated with isopropanol. DNA profiles were obtained using PowerPlex16™ System PCR Amplification Kit, AmpFlSTR(®) Yfiler™ and/or mtDNA sequencing. Complete DNA profiles comparison and statistical evaluation allowed unambiguous identification of the 26 victims. No significant differences were observed in the amount of DNA obtained with the distinct incubation times. The use of concentration column resulted in an increased amount of DNA when compared to isopropanol. However, the lower concentration of DNA obtained with isopropanol seemed to have been compensated by the higher purity. No significant differences in the number of amplified loci were found. A non-significant tendency was found between the amount of total DNA recovered and the time elapsed between death and laboratory procedures. The increase of post-mortem time did not interfere in the analysed autosomal loci. In conclusion, molar and pre-molar teeth were shown to be good candidates to obtain satisfactory DNA profiles, suggesting the high potential of tooth samples as source for DNA typing independently of the decomposed corpse's time or laboratory procedures.
A identificação de sangue humano em amostras forenses é um pré-requisito importante aos exames de DNA que possibilitam o estabelecimento de relações entre indivíduos ou entre indivíduos e objetos envolvidos em infrações penais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo uma revisão bibliográfica dos métodos empregados para a confirmação de sangue humano, bem como, para a tipagem ABO e determinação de outros marcadores por ELISA (ensaio de imunoabsorção ligado à enzima) em amostras de importância forense. Métodos imunoenzimáticos são específicos, rápidos, sensíveis e permitem a automatização das análises, sendo, portanto, adequados à rotina de laboratórios forenses.
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