In the utilization of photovoltaic (PV), the output voltage produced is unstable because the conditions of irradiation received by PV is not uniform. Therefore, a direct current (DC) voltage converter is needed as an output voltage regulator. In this research, buck-boost converter is proposed to regulate the desired output voltage. The proposed controller in this research is a sliding mode controller (SMC) and employ a linear sliding surface to maintain the regulated voltage stable. This research was conducted by determining the component parameters and state space model of the buck-boost converter. Proportional integral derivative (PID) controller with integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) method is used as a comparison of the proposed method. The performance results were observed from the buck-boost converter by performing 3 fault scenarios, variation in supply voltage, resistor in load side, and the desired output voltage. The results obtained of SMC has a faster settling time than PID controller. The voltage deviation of buck-boost converter exhibits that SMC is smaller than the PID control. In addition, under some experiment conditions, the PID control could not or did not fit in some scenarios while the output control values of SMC matched the changes in the entire scenarios.
<p>Electric energy is the main driver of various daily activities, both to increase productivity as well as to improve life quality. Energy demand is continuously increasing in parallel to the progress in technology and population growth. Depletion of fossil energy sources and awareness of environmental protection make people resort to renewable energy sources like solar energy. Low efficiency and intermittent characteristic of solar energy may originate from the sun movement along the day as well as the year. Efforts have always been tried to deal with the drawbacks. This paper proposes a computer-based tracking system to fully monitor and control a solar panel movement. The designed system has proven a good performance of working at certain time intervals, either hourly, or even continuously, as desired. Energy yield improvement has been achieved by processing the tracking results with the help of a microcontroller to optimize the power generation of the solar panel.</p>
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