Objective: A naturally occurring larvicidal compound is an alternative to eradication of Aedes aegypti larvae. This compound is toxic to larvae but relatively safe for human. Rhizome of Lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J. E. Smith) has been used traditionally to prevent mosquito bites. An initial study indicated that petroleum ether (PE) soluble fraction of the methanol (MeOH) extract of Z. zerumbet was toxic against larvae lethal concentration (LC 50 ), 67.01±2.35 versus 153.57±4.01 ppm (MeOH ext.). Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and identify the compounds with larvicidal activity from Z. zerumbet rhizome. Methods:The PE soluble (PE-soluble) fraction was subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation method to obtain four (4) fractions (I-IV). Two compounds (1 and 2) were isolated from Fraction I that was the most active compared to other fractions (II-IV). Compound 1 turned out to be more active than compound 2; therefore, compound 1 was then identified by means of spectroscopic data. Results Conclusion:Zerumbone was the main active compound; in the future, this compound can be formulated as a standardized preparation based on the content.
Lempuyang gajah rhizome (Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith is considered potential as larvicidal. A previous study has shown that the purified extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome was toxic against Adese aegypti larvae. The aim of the study it to formulate a purified extract of Z. zerumbet (L) Smith in granule preparations by combining Sodium starch glycolate, PVP K-30 and tween 80. The granule formulation was optimized by the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with using Design expert program 7.1.5. The results showed that the interaction of the three components can increase the flow rate index, the angle of repose, and reduce absorption. The optimum formula obtained was Sodium starch glycolate 2%, PVP K-30 2%, and Tween 80 5%. The analysis of one sample t-test shows that there is no significant difference between the predicted parameter values and the experimental results of the flow rate index and angle of repose, while the absorption response is significantly different. The optimum formula for granules has larvicidal activity with 100% larval death during 12-hour treatment.
Akhir-akhir ini banyak ditemukan bahwa larva nyamuk telah resisten terhadap larvisida konvensional. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan larvisida baru dari bahan alam. Salah satu bahan alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai larvisida adalah rimpang Z. zerumbet, yang pada penelitian sebelumnya berpotensi sebagai larvisida pada Artemia salina Leach dan Anopheles nunestovary. Penggunaan beberapa solven untuk melihat aktivitas larvisida terbaik pada Z. zerumbet belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji aktivitas larvisida ekstrak methanol, etil asetat dan kloroform pada A. aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi laboratories dengan rancangan posttest-only control group. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga macam ekstrak Z. zerumbet dengan perbedaan solven yaitu methanol, etil asetat dan kloroform. Dua puluh lima larva instar III-IV Ae.aegypti dipejankan dengan tujuh konsentrasi yang berbeda dari ketiga ekstrak rimpang Z. zerumbet. Tingkat kematian larva dihitung dan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan regresi analisa probit untuk mendapatkan nilai LC50 dan LC90. Nilai LC50 dan LC90 ketiga ekstrak methanol; etil asetat dan kloroform adalah; 153,57; 185,80; 3542,03 ppm dan; 226,59 ; 274,70 ; 5567,24 ppm. Ekstrak methanol rimpang Z. zerumbet memiliki aktivitas larvisida yang kuat terhadap larva instar III-IV Ae.aegypti dibandingkan dengan ekstrak lainnya.
ABSTRAKSaat ini ditemukan bahwa larva nyamuk telah resisten terhadap larvisida konvensional. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengembangkan larvisida baru dari sumber bahan alam seperti rimpang Z. zerumbet, pada penelitian yang sebelumnya berpotensi sebagai larvisida pada Artemia salina Leach dan Anopheles nunestovary. Aktivitas larvisida ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang telah dipurifikasi belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji aktivitas larvisida ekstrak terpurifikasi rimpang Z. zerumbet terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi laboratories dengan rancangan post test-only control group. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua ekstrak yaitu ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet dan ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang dipurifikasi dengan petroleum eter (PE). Dua puluh lima larva instar III-IV Ae. aegypti dipapar dengan tujuh konsentrasi yang berbeda dari ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet. Tingkat kematian larva dihitung dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi analisa probit untuk mendapatkan LC . Setelah mengetahui LC tersebut, studi dilanjutkan dengan purifikasi ekstrak metanol Z. 50 50 zerumbet menggunakan PE sebagai pelarut. Hasil ekstrak yang telah dipurifikasi baik yang larut maupun tidak larut PE diperlakukan pada larva instar III-IV Ae.aegypti menggunakan metode yang sama seperti yang disebutkan terdahulu. Nilai LC ekstrak metanol, larut PE dan tidak larut PE hasil purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet adalah 50 153,57±4,01 ppm; 67,01±2,35 ppm; dan 2287±147,91 ppm. Purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang larut PE memiliki aktivitas larvisida yang kuat terhadap larva instar III-IV Ae. aegypti dan mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan larvisida baru. Kata Kunci: Ekstrak metanol, larvisida, purifikasi, Z. zerumbet ABSTRACT Recently, it is found that mosquito larvae was resistant to conventional larvicidal. Therefore, it is important to develop a new larvicidal from natural resources such as Z. zerumbet rhizome which previously study potential for larvicidal on Artemia salina Leach and Anopheles nunestovary. Meanwhile, the study on larvicidal activity of purified methanol extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate larvicidal activity of purified methanol extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome against Ae. aegypti larvae. It was an exploratory experimental laboratory study with posttest-only control group design. The study was conducted using two extracts, there were methanol extract and methanol extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome purified by petroleum ether (PE), respectively. Twenty five of instars III-IV larvae of Ae. aegypti were treated with seven different concentration of Z. zerumbet methanol extract. The larva mortality was calculated and the LC values were determined through probit regression analysis. After knowing the LC , the study was 50 50 continued by purifying methanol extract using petroleum ether (PE) as a solvent. The purified methanol extract wa...
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