Ethnomathematics in Borobudur Temple and Its Relevance in Mathematics Education. Objectives: The purpose of this literature study is to reveal the forms of mathematical culture in temples in Indonesia, especially in the Borobudur Temple. Methods: The object of this study is the scientific literature on the theme of ethnomathematics and Borobudur Temple. The stages of this research are determining the research problem, finding and evaluating relevant literature, conducting data analysis, and compiling the results.The data analysis technique used was hermeneutics analysis. Findings: In this study, it has been revealed that Borobudur Temple is a building that has been designed with great mathematical techniques. There is a numbering system, so-called watakwilangan and primbon in Javanese culture that regard the number does not only refer to certain quantity, but also a character affecting human life. In addition, geometric shapes appear on the structure, both basic geometric shapes, and fractal shapes. Conclusion: There are unique mathematical concepts in the form of Javanese number systems, logic, and space configurations that can create a beautiful and persisting building.

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Pada buku yang singkat ini, penulis ingin mengungkap ruhperadaban berupa etnomatematika pada peradaban Jawa.Peradaban Jawa adalah salah satu peradaban besar di masa silam yang mewariskan berbagai bentuk kebudayaan dan bangunan monumental. Salah satu bentuk bangunan tersebut adalah Candi Borobudur. Penulis percaya bahwa Candi Borobudur adalah bukti adanya pemikiran matematika yang unik dan distingtif pada kebudayaan Jawa.

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran lingkaran SMP Kelas VIII dengan suplemen materi History of Mathematics (HoM) yang terdiri atas RPP dan Modul yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Model pengembangan ynag digunakan adalah model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation). Analisis data kevalidan dan kepraktisan dilakukan dengan cara mengkonversi skor empiris yang diperoleh menjadi data kualitatif skala lima. Analisis keefektifan dilakukan dengan cara menentukan persentase banyak siswa yang mencapai kategori minimal tinggi untuk angket dan menentukan persentase ketuntasan siswa pada tes prestasi belajar. Berdasarkan hasil validasi, RPP dan Modul yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria valid dengan kategori sangat baik. RPP dan Modul yang dikembangkan praktis dan efektif. Kepraktisan perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan mencapai kategori sangat baik berdasarkan hasil observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dan penilaian guru, modul mencapai kategori baik berdasarkan respon siswa. Perangkat pembelajaran juga efektif ditinjau dari motivasi, rasa ingin tahu, dan prestasi belajar siswa.

The main objective of this legal research is to compare the legal construction and the use of “rahn tasjily” mechanism in the Sharia bank financing between Indonesia and Malaysia through law, concept, and history approaches. The data were analyzed qualitatively by systematic interpretation and historical interpretation. The results are: 1) Both countries do not have a strong regulation in Sharia guarantees, thus the law construction is implemented by harmonization and integration between Sharia principles and conventional regulations (civil). The differences are in the concept, the division of rahn, and the law substance in the Sharia banking complement regulation. 2) The mechanism is also different, where in Indonesia the guarantee should be bound by an authentic certificate (notary) and registered in the authority institutions in order that Sharia bank (murtahin) obtains a strong law protection beside an insurance. While in Malaysia, the use of collateral is only included in the financing contract without an authentic certificate; the registration is not compulsory and the ownership proof of guarantee (marhun bih) as well as the object is in rahin permanently (except a land); and the collateral strength for Sharia bank is an insurance.

The purpose of this research is to examine the interaction of local religions and official religions using the Lotka Volterra equation model. This study uses a literature study, which means that all the material in this study is taken, collected and compiled from various existing book sources. The steps in this study are to find the equilibrium point of each equation, then examine the behavior of each equilibrium point obtained. In this study, an analytical study of the prey population  model has three equilibrium points, namely and . The stability of the interaction between local religions and official religions is achieved at an equilibrium . From this it shows that the interaction of official religion and local religion does not necessarily lead to the extinction of a religion. The interaction of local religious and official religion there is a point of equilibrium, where the social reality they can work in harmony.

Based on the above, the issues examined in this study is the locution of speech acts,<br />illocution and perlocution in a Friday khotbah by Egyptian native speakers Syeikh Sa‘i&gt;d<br />Ruslan with the theme Baina As}-S}u&gt;rah wa Al-H}aqi&gt;qah’ between picture and reality, on<br />April 25, 2008 in mosque Syarqi&gt; in Manu&gt;fiyyah province, Subkh Ah}ad, Marka&gt;z Asymu&gt;n <br />village, Cairo, Mesir with a pragmatic analysis. The data are sentences containing<br />locution, illocution and perlocution. The result of analysis shows that speaker of Friday <br />khotbah (khat}i&gt;b) not only use one speech act, but also use some speech acts, that is<br />locution speech act, illocution speech act and perlocution speech act. Locution speech act<br />is the most widely used in Friday khotbah, because it is only used to declare or inform<br />something. In first and second khotbah, the data of locution speech act is found in<br />opening, content and closing.  The data of illocution speech act is found in opening and<br />content, while perlocution speech act is found in closing. Illocution speech act includes<br />Follow-illocutionary in the data message includes assertive (strengthen), directive<br />(prohibiting, commanding), expressive (praise), declaration (testimony), commissive<br />(swear).

Risk management at Islamic financial institutions is still implementing bank Indonesia (BI) and Financial Services Authority (OJK) policies which previously applied the same to conventional financial institutions. The perfection of the enforcement of sharia principles in sharia financing institutions is not enough only in the aspect of transactional mechanisms, it needs to be supported by a sharia-based risk management system. The focus of this research includes the characteristics of Islamic financing, juridical aspects in the principle of prudence, and an overview of the maslahah of the urgency of sharia-based risk management. This research is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a benefits approach with a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the discussion show that a dynamic system also needs to be supported by juridical aspects to provide the legal force with the realization of regulatory solidity. At this regulatory level, in addition to the regulations issued by the OJK, the DSN-MUI fatwa is also very necessary and has a very urgent position. Because financing risk management is also part of the sharia economy that must maintain sharia principles, lest the application of sharia principles only exists in product technicalities, but does not apply to technical risk management. The expected sharia is the application of total sharia principles (kaffah), not partial ones.