Pro-inflammatory enzymes play a key role in inflammatory processes and are potential targets of anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the antiradical activity of the extracts and their ability to inhibit phospholipase A and 15-lipoxygenase activity. The hydroethanolic extract of revealed the strongest reducing power with an IC of 7.29 ± 0.61 µg/mL. The three most active extracts on PLA were hydroethanolic extracts of (IC of 21.43 ± 0.66 μg/mL), (IC of 23.72 ± 0.71 µg/mL), (IC of 24.49 ± 0.39 µg/mL). The best inhibitory activity on 15-lipoxigenase was obtained with aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of with IC of 18.35 ± 1.26; 18.47 ± 1.12 µg/mL respectively. The present study showed that extracts of leaves of and roots of have antioxidant activity and effectively inhibit sPLA, and 15-LOX pro-inflammatory enzymes
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is involved in the production of prostaglandins that sustain the inflammatory process. Inflammatory cells release a number of reactive species. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species can initiate intracellular signaling cascades and enhance the expression of proinflammatory genes. The objective was to study the cyclooxygenase and protein denaturation inhibition and antioxidant activity of ten extracts from five plants. Cyclooxygenases inhibitory activity of the extracts was measured using the Cayman Kit method and the protein denaturation inhibitory activity using the bovine serum albumin. Ferric reducing antioxidant power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts. COX-2 inhibition was more important with the hydroethanolic extract of X. americana (IC 50 = 11.13 ± 1.24 µg/ml) and T. macroptera (IC 50 = 12.79 ± 0.56 µg/ml). COX-1 was strongly inhibited with the hydroethanolic extract of S. senegalensis. The hydroethanolic extracts of C. tinctorium and X. americana showed the strongest inhibitory activities of protein denaturation with 86.61 ± 1.22% and 84.5 ± 0.56% respectively. The greatest effects on iron reduction were observed with the hydroethanolic extracts of X. americana (R 2 = 0.996; IC 50 = 29 µg/ml) and T. macropteria (R 2 = 0.990; IC 50 = 35.46 µg/ml). The hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of the extracts varied from 39.31 ± 3.6 to 77.37 ± 2.16 µg/ml. The present study concluded to an important antioxidant activity, protein denaturation and COX-2 inhibitory activities of the hydroethanolic extracts of X. americana, T. macroptera and C. tinctorium. Further studies are needed to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of these extracts in vivo.
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