(7Z,11Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal (Z7,Z11-16:Ald), which has been identified from female moths of the citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella, Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), strongly attracts conspecific males in Japan. Recently, in addition to the dienyl aldehyde, a trienyl derivative, (7Z,11Z,13E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal (Z7,Z11,E13-16:Ald), was found as another sex pheromone component of females collected in Brazil and California. Thus, we synthesized Z7,Z11,E13-16:Ald and its isomer (Z7,E11,E13-16:Ald) to evaluate their effects on males inhabiting Asia. Starting from 1,7-heptanediol, two corresponding alcohols with trienyl structures were prepared by two applications of the Wittig-coupling reaction and then oxidized to yield objective aldehydes after separation by HPLC with an ODS column. In a citrus orchard in Can-Tho City, Vietnam, P. citrella males could not be caught by a lure baited only with Z7,Z11-16:Ald, but were successfully attracted with a 1 : 3 mixture of Z7,Z11-16:Ald and Z7,Z11,E13-16:Ald. On the other hand, in citrus orchards in Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands and Ehime Prefecture, Japan, neither trienals showed a synergistic effect on male capture by the dienal. Far from being reinforced, the attraction activity of the dienal was diminished by mixing in Z7,Z11,E13-16:Ald. These results indicated that the sex pheromone of the Vietnamese strain is similar to that of Brazilian and Californian strains, but the Japanese strain has established a different communication system from those of the foreign strains.
In the 4th industrial revolution era, instead of following the entrepreneurial approach of traditional third-generation universities, nowadays, a university is redefined as an ecosystem that innovates not only "for itself" but also "for others". Thus, university transformation is described with three key characteristics: radical mindset changes, holistic innovation facilitation, and ecological and social norm encouragement. It responds well to the demands of entrepreneurial spirit, innovative approaches, digital transformation, personalized education, and ecological and social norm promotion. The responsiveness to this university model can be assessed by the criteria and indicators of the new rating system of the University Performance Metrics (UPM). Practically, UPM has been applied to benchmark the universities of Vietnam and Thailand. The results indicate that while facilitating the research quality focus, higher education institutions need to develop the innovation-driven university model, supporting the universities' autonomy in implementing their activities.
In order to evaluate the potential application of microsporidia as a microbial control agent against lepidopteran insect pests, microsporidian infection in a field population of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), was surveyed in vegetable crop fields in Can Tho City, Vietnam, in March 2007. The infection rate of microsporidia was 46.7% (99/212 individuals) in adult S. litura, and 16 samples of infected adults were used to characterize the microsporidia at the molecular level. Analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences indicated that microsporidian strains isolated from S. litura were closely related to Nosema bombycis from the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Linnaeus); however, phylogenetic analysis based on genome profiling produced a different result from the SSU rRNA sequences. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of 12 microsporidian strains from S. litura were closely related to N. bombycis strains, while the profiles of three microsporidian strains formed a different cluster. The Vietnamese strains did not form a single group, but were classified into at least three groups. These results suggested that the microsporidia isolated from S. litura in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, are genetically diverse.
Heterostemma cucphuongense (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Vietnam is described, illustrated and compared with the similar species Heterostemma succosum Kerr. Heterostemma cucphuongense differs from H. succosum by the morphology of the rachis of the inflorescence, the margins of the corolla lobes and the colour of the adaxial surface of the corolla.
This study explores the factors influencing the quality of telecommunication services in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. By conducting an online survey of 413 office workers, the results indicate that among the five components of the perceived quality of telecommunications services, reliability, assurance, and empathy are Key factors affecting consumer satisfaction in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The findings of this research help mobile service providers to understand how consumers perceive the quality of mobile services. Thus, mobile service providers would effectively design marketing strategy to improve customer loyalty as well as enter new markets. Keywords: Mobile service, service quality, online survey, empirical study, Vietnam. References [1] Boohene, R., & Agyapong, G., “Analysis of the antecedents of customer loyalty of telecommunication industry in Ghana: The case of Vodafone (Ghana)”, International Business Research, 4 (2011) 1, 229-240.[2] Leelakulthanit, O., & Hongcharu, B., “Factors that impact customers satisfaction: Evidence from the Thailand mobile cellular network industry”, International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 4 (2011) 2, 67-76.[3] Eugenia Y. Huang, Sheng-Wei Lin, Ya-Chu Fan, “M-S-Qual: Mobile service quality measurement”, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14 (2015), 126-142, http://dx.doi.org/10.2016/j.elerap.2015.01.003[4] Omotayo, O., & Abiodun, A., “Service quality, value offer, satisfaction, and loyalty: An empirical relationship in the Nigerian telecom industry”, Contemporary Management Research, 5 (2011) 2, 14-23.[5] Lee, Roy Chun, “Telecommunications in Vietnam”, Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research (CIER). Chinese Taipei WTO Center, C.20 (2011), p.1.[6] Agarwal, S., M. Erramilli, et al., “Market orientation and performance in service firms: role of innovation”, Journal of Services Marketing 17 (2003) 1, 68-82.[7] Agyapong, G., “The effect of service quality on customer satisfaction in the utility industry: A case of Vodafone (Ghana)”, International Journal of Business and Management, 6 (2011) 5, 203-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n5p203[8] Yee, R. W. Y., Yeung, A. C. L. & Cheng, T. C. E., “An empirical study of employee loyalty, service quality and firm performance in the service industry”, International Journal of Production Economics, 124 (2010) 1, 109-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.10.015[9] Le The Gioi and Nguyen Minh Duan, “Improving the competitiveness of VMS-MOBIFONE on mobile communication market”, Journal of Science and Technology, University of Da Nang, 2 (2007) 19, 68-72.[10] Dinh Thi Hong Thuy, “Research the factors affecting on the decision for mobile telecommunications of students in Ho Chi Minh City”, Master Thesis, (2008).[11] Le Thi Tuyet Trinh, “Research the customer satisfaction in using Vinaphone mobile service in Binh Dinh province”, Master Thesis, 2012.[12] Bui Van Trinh and Luu Ngoc Mai Anh, “Research the customer satisfaction in using Viettel mobile service in Hai Giang province”, Master Thesis, 2013.[13] Pizam, A., Ellis, T., “Customer satisfaction and its measurement in hospitality enterprises”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 11 (1999) 7, p. 326-339, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596119910293231[14] A. Parasuraman, Valarie A. Zeithaml, Leonard L. Berry, “A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research”, The Journal of Marketing, Vol. 49, No. 4 (1985), pp. 41-50[15] Cronin Jr, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. “SERVPERF versus SERVQUAL: reconciling performance-based and perceptions-minus-expectations measurement of service quality”. The Journal of Marketing, 58 (1994). 125-131.[16] Aydin, S. and G. Ozer, “National Customer Satisfaction Indices: An Implementation in the Turkish Mobile Telephone Market”, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 23 (2005) 5, 486-504.[17] Mishra, R.C and Sandilya, A., Reliability and Quality Management, New Age International Publishers, 2009.[18] Torsten J. Gerpott, Ilknur Bicak, “Telecommunication service choice and use among migrants: The case of German-Turkish consumers”, Computers in Human Behavior, 6 (2016), 584-596, http://dx.doi.org/10.2016/j.chb.2016.03.018[19] Uddin, M. B., Akhter, B., “Customer satisfaction in mobile phone services in Bangladesh: A survey research”, Management & Marketing X (1) (2012), 20-36.
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