In this research, the magnetic Fe3O4/zeolite NaA nanocomposite (Fe3O4/ZA), Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and zeolite NaA have been synthesized by facile hydrothermal methods for adsorption removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The as-synthesized Fe3O4/ZA nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), MicroRaman analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N2 adsorption isotherms (BET), and UV-VIS analysis. The results show that with a small weight loading of Fe3O4, the ∼3.3% Fe3O4/ZA sample exhibits a high adsorption capacity (∼40.36 mg·g−1) and removal efficiency (∼96.8%) compared to that of the zeolite NaA (∼32.99 mg·g−1 and 79.11%, respectively). Interestingly, the removal efficiency and the adsorption capacity increase rapidly with the increase of adsorption time (10–60 minutes) and Fe3O4 loading (∼3.3–9.3% wt.) in the Fe3O4/ZA composition. The adsorption mechanism of MB molecules of the Fe3O4/ZA can be addressed at the combination of the interaction between active sites on the surfaces and edges of the invert spinel ferrite Fe3O4 nanoparticles and zeolite NaA with MB molecules. Our approach provides a simple, efficient, and scalable synthesis process that render practical applications of the magnetic Fe3O4/ZA nanocomposite as a lower-cost adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
Aquaponics is not a new technology including a wide variety of systems, but the interest has grown rapidly in recent years, especially in developing countries. Each system has different types and levels of costs and interest. Aquaponics can be implemented using low-cost materials making it more attractive farmers to diversify their incomes. This article examined the profitability of applied aquaponics in thoroughly reused, recycle local materials and the local species. Three sources of data were considered for the study: (1) commercial local species farms, (2) applied aquaponics farms and (3) published research. The first analysis compares the economics of local farms, traditional aquaponics and applied aquaponics systems under similar operations. Results suggest that the traditional aquaponics system requires higher investment and operating cost compared with the applied aquaponics system and local farms. The second analysis constructed on the aquaponics production of fish and plants as well as the returns. The study found that at the small scale of 1-year operation, applied aquaponics is the most profitable model ($1991.34) at 36 percentage of interest. It is more advantage to develop the economic, social by building environmental sustainability of agriculture to maximize food production through applied aquaponics. The economic efficiency of applied aquaponics in using multiple use of resources, primarily water and nutrients, and recycle certain infrastructural, management and labor costs will keep the aquaponics lasting and expanding to social life.
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