The use of a biomass carrier is preferred for the cultivation of slowly growing anammox sludge. In this study, PVA gel was selected as a biomass carrier for anammox sludge and applied in a fl uidized-bed reactor (FBR). A recycle pump was used to induce a fl ow rate of l/min to maintain fl uidized bed conditions. Both infl uent NH -N and NO -N concentrations were increased stepwise to . : . : . . These ratios during phase were . : . : . . The color of the PVA-gel beads changed from white to brownish red, which is consistant with anammox bacteria. By the Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) method, both KSU-and KU-anammox strains were detected with KSU-in dominance in the FBR process.
This study focuses on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) treatment performance for nitrogen removal using malt ceramics (MC) as a biomass carrier. A fi xed-bed reactor using MC material with to mm diameter pieces (Reactor) was operated for days and another using MC material with to mm diameter pieces (Reactor) was operated for days. For Reactor , with an HRT of h, the infl uent concentrations of NH N and NO N were both increased stepwise from mg N/l to mg N/l with NH N removal effi ciency of about % and NO N removal effi ciency of %. Then, the infl uent concentrations of NH N and NO N were increased to ~ mg N/l, each, and removal effi ciencies of NH N and NO N decreased to % and %, respectively. The T N removal rates of Reactor increased stepwise from. to. kg N/m /day from day to day. Ratios of T N removal, NO N removal, and NO N production to NH N removal for Reactor were. :. :. , respectively. For Reactor , with an HRT of h, the infl uent concentrations of NH N and NO N were both increased stepwise from mg N/l to mg N/l and removal effi ciencies of NH N and NO N were high at % and %, respectively. However, when the infl uent concentrations of NH N and NO N were increased to ~ mg N/l, each, removal effi ciencies of NH N and NO N decreased to % and %, respectively. The T N removal rates of Reactor were similar to those of Reactor with. to. kg N/m /day from the day to day. Ratios of T N removal, NO N removal, and NO N production to NH N removal for Reactor were. :. :. , respectively. In addition, distinctive red granular anammox biomass grew at the bottom parts of the reactors during both runs. By DNA analyses, both KSU and KU strains were detected in anammox sludge of Reactor , with the KSU strain being dominant.
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