Số thứ tự của mỗi thực phẩm được thống nhất đánh số trong các bảng như sau:• Cột mã số thực phẩm theo từng nhóm, bắt đầu bằng 1001, trong đó số 1 ở hàng nghìn thể hiện nhóm thực phẩm, số 1 ở hàng đơn vị thể hiện số thứ tự thực phẩm trong nhóm. •Số thứ tự thực phẩm từ 1 đến 526 Các thành phần dinh dưỡng của thực phẩm Nước: Được xác định bằng phương pháp sấy khô ở 100-105 o C đến trọng lượng không đổi Giá trị năng lượng: Được biểu thị bằng kilocalori (Kcal). Nếu chuyển thành kilojoul (Kj) thì tính theo hệ số 1 Kcal = 4,184 Kj Giá trị năng lượng của thực phẩm được tính theo hệ số: 1g protein cho 4 Kcal, 1 g lipid cho 9 Kcal, 1 g glucid cho 4 Kcal, 1 g cồn (alcol etylic) cho 7 Kcal. Protein: Được xác định theo tổng số nitơ trong thực phẩm theo phương pháp Kjeldahl, sau đó được chuyển đổi thành protein theo hệ số sau: Thực phẩm Hệ số chuyển đổi Thực phẩm Hệ số chuyển đổi Ngũ cốc, đậu đỗ 5
Title Management of Acute Malnutrition Consultant Purpose To provide technical assistance in updating and implementing Viet Nam's Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition Guidelines in line with the 2013 WHO Guideline Update and latest evidence for Management of Acute Malnutrition in Infants Location Viet Nam and remote support Duration 15 days (Viet Nam: 8 days; Country of residence: 7 days) Start Date 1 October 2014 Reporting to Nutrition Specialist, Child Survival and Development Section Background With around 2 million children under 5 years of age with stagnated height for their age (27 per cent), Viet Nam is among the countries in the world with the highest burden of stunting. The Central Highlands and Northern Midlands and Mountainous areas, where most ethnic minority groups live, are geographical zones with the highest prevalence. The H'mong people have the highest prevalence among the ethnic groups with 55 per cent of their children being stunted followed by Bana with 53 per cent.
Double burdens of malnutrition among women have occurred across most developing countries including Indonesia. This study compared the associated factors among overweight and underweight of women in reproductive age (WRA) in rural Ciampea Sub-district, Bogor, West Java. This cross-sectional study surveyed the nutritional status of 575 mothers (16-49 years old) who have under two-years-old children. Nutritional status was assessed by body-mass-index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), food security status by US-Food Security Survey Module (US-FSSM), dietary intake by a single 24-H dietary recall. The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obese among this group were 10%, 15.8%, and 34.2%. Food security status was the single factor associated with overweight (p=0.026). However, after adjustment with other factors, food insecurity with hunger was found to be the highest risk of being underweight (AdjOR=3.95; 95%CI: 1.46-10.64). Contrarily, it contributed to lower chances of being overweight among WRA (AdjOR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.21-0.77). In conclusion, food security status in this population associated with both under- and over-nutrition, in addition to other factors such as age and education level of WRA. Ensuring the availability and affordability of nutritious food together with proper nutrition education to rural communities might be worthwhile to improve this condition.AbstrakBeban ganda malnutrisi pada wanita terjadi di sebagian besar negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini membandingkan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada wanita usia subur (WUS) dengan status gizi kurang dan lebih di pedesaan Ciampea, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Studi potong lintang ini mensurvei status gizi pada 575 Ibu (usia 16-49 tahun) yang memiliki baduta. Penilaian status gizi menggunakan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan lingkar lengan atas (LILA), status ketahanan pangan oleh US-Food Security Survey Module (US-FSSM), asupan makanan dengan food recall 24-jam. Prevalensi gizi kurang, lebih, dan obesitas pada kelompok ini adalah 10%, 15,8%, dan 34,2%. Status ketahanan pangan merupakan faktor tunggal yang terkait dengan kelebihan berat badan (p = 0,026). Namun, setelah disesuaikan dengan faktor lain, kerawanan pangan dengan kelaparan ditemukan sebagai risiko tertinggi terjadinya gizi kurang (AdjOR = 3.95; CI 95%: 1.46-10.64). Sebaliknya, kondisi tersebut berisiko lebih rendah terhadap kejadian gizi lebih pada WUS (AdjOR = 0,40, 95% CI: 0,21-0,77). Kesimpulannya, status ketahanan pangan pada populasi ini berhubungan dengan kejadian ganda malnutrisi, selain faktor lain seperti usia dan tingkat pendidikan. Memastikan ketersediaan dan keterjangkauan pangan bergizi bersama dengan edukasi gizi yang tepat untuk masyarakat pedesaan mungkin bermanfaat untuk memperbaiki kondisi ini.
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