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Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) is an increasingly important crop worldwide, and Vietnam and Myanmar are major producing countries. The chile pepper markets in Myanmar and Vietnam are different, with production primarily for domestic consumption in Myanmar and for the export market in Vietnam. However, there is an overall lack of domestically developed cultivars in both countries. The objective of this study was to identify high-performing chile pepper entries, adapted to local conditions, for use in domestic breeding programs or direct release. Fruit length, width, weight, and yield were measured during two seasons (2016–17 and 2018–19), and the same entries were evaluated in Hanoi, Vietnam, and Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. However, different entries were tested in each season. During the 2016–17 season, AVPP1324 grown in Hanoi had the overall highest yield (15.3 t·ha–1), followed by AVPP1330 (15.0 t·ha–1 in Hanoi) and AVPP1111 (14.4 and 14.9 t·ha–1 in Hanoi and Nay Pyi Taw, respectively). AVPP0303 had the greatest fruit length, fruit width, and fruit weight in both Hanoi and Nay Pyi Taw during the 2016–17 season. During the 2018–19 season, AVPP1345 (24.8 t·ha–1) followed by AVPP9905 (22.5 t·ha–1) in Nay Pyi Taw, and AVPP1245 (17.4 t·ha–1) in Hanoi had the highest yield. AVPP9905 had the greatest fruit weight and width in both locations. AVPP1345 and AVPP9905 had the greatest fruit length during the 2018–19 season. There is an obvious need for domestically produced cultivars in Myanmar and Vietnam that meet local farmer and consumer preferences and that are adapted to the pests, diseases, and stress in each country. Several high-performing lines were identified that can be used as direct release or incorporated in local breeding programs for the development of inbred or F1 hybrid cultivars. This research also provides a basis for future studies on stability of yield and yield components in Southeast Asia.

Reducing methane (CH 4 ) emissions from paddy fields that contribute to the greenhouse effect has been addressed recently through the application of the alternate wetting and drying irrigation method. However, in poorly drained areas, such as the Red River Delta in Vietnam, the soil cannot be dried immediately, and so CH 4 can continue to be produced unintentionally. Therefore, the purpose of this case study was to identify the optimal ponding water management schedule to reduce CH 4 emissions by using the measured data of ponding depth, soil redox potential (Eh), and CH 4 fluxes from field experiments and to show its effects on CH 4 emission and water conservation. Observations in the winter-spring cropping season showed that the non-flooding period of 3-8 days suppressed CH 4 emission, and the continuous flooding period of 14-22 days caused CH 4 re-emission. Information regarding the non-flooding period to be maintained and the flooding period to be avoided to suppress CH 4 emission was not obtained for the summer-autumn cropping season due to abundant rainfall. The proposed schedule could suppress CH 4 emission by 27%-85% and increase the amount of conserved water by up to 18% compared with traditional flooding protocols, but it may increase irrigation water due to the frequency and the amount of re-flooding. K E Y W O R D S greenhouse gas, paddy irrigation, soil redox potential, Southeast Asia, water conservation Résumé La réduction des émissions de méthane (CH 4 ) provenant des rizières qui contribuent à l'effet de serre a été abordée récemment grâce à l'application d'une méthode d'irrigation alternée par mouillage et séchage. Cependant, dans les zones mal drainées, comme le delta du fleuve Rouge au Vietnam, le sol n'a pas pu être séché immédiatement et du CH 4 pourrait continuer à être produit involontairement. Par conséquent, le but de cette étude de cas était d'identifier * Gestion de l'eau des mares de riz pour réduire les émissions de méthane sur la base d'observations des flux de méthane et du potentiel redox du sol dans le delta du fleuve Rouge, Vietnam

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