This study investigated the effects of gender and sex role orientation (masculinity and femininity) on attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help in a sample of 163 student trainee teachers (52 males and 111 females) in Singapore. The mean age of students was 25.39 years (SD = 3.80). ANOVAs revealed statistically significant main effects for gender and femininity on attitudes toward help-seeking. Specifically, females were reported to have more positive overall attitudes toward professional help-seeking and were more willing to recognize a personal need for professional help compared to males. Femininity significantly influenced students' level of stigma tolerance. These findings suggest that both gender and sex role orientation play an independent role in influencing help-seeking attitudes. In addition, these variables appear to have a differential impact on different aspects of helpseeking.

With a single-subject research design, the counseling-style preference of 6 international clients and 1 White-American client was examined within and across 4 counseling sessions. All clients first listened to an audiotape (analogue) counseling session containing a problem-solving approach and a client-centered approach and rated both approaches. The clients then rated these 2 counseling styles in actual counseling sessions. In contrast to past research findings, no overall preference was found for either approach. Preferences for a particular counseling style also changed from session to session. In addition, preferences exhibited during the analogue portion of the study were often different from those expressed during the actual counseling sessions. This article is based on Tow Yee Yau's master's thesis under the supervision of David Sue. We gratefully acknowledge Mary Pedersen, who served as one of the counselors, and Ann Theiler and Patti Koon, who completed the interjudge reliability forms.

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