empirically based typology of private forest owners in Denmark: improving communication between authorities and owtwrs. Scand. J. For. Res. 19(Suppl. 4): 45-55, 2004.For policy instruments to be effective, they should motivate forest owners to adjust behaviour in agreement with forest policy objectives. It may therefore be beneficial to know the motivations of private forest owners. Often, forest owners are assumed to constitute an entity, although statistics and structural changes indicate increasing heterogeneity. Instead, forest owners can be divided into types, i.e. groups that include forest owners with similar attitudes, and where attitudes of each group differ from those of other groups. Based on a survey among private forest owners in Denmark, three types of owners were identified: (1) the classic forest owner to whom the forest has economic importance; (2) the hobby owner who enjoys work and recreation in the forest; and (3) the indifferent farmer to whom the different values provided by the forest are equally (un)important. Implications of this typology for forest poliey formulation and implementation are discussed.

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Forest policy in Denmark aims to increase the environmental values of forests. For policy implementation it is essential to know how to motivate private owners. Based on a survey among private forest owners in Denmark, four types of owners have been identified, clustered according to their forest management attitudes and practices: (1) the production-oriented owner, (2) the classic forest owner, (3) the environmental/recreational owner, and (4) the indifferent forest owner. Owners in Clusters 1 and 2 are mainly motivated by financial and wood production aspects, whereas owners in Cluster 3 are to a greater extent motivated by environmental and recreational aspects. Cluster 4 is the least motivated cluster. For effective policy intervention, the clusters should be addressed by different means. Owners in Clusters 1 and 2 should be met on their agricultural-production logic, Cluster 3 on their interest to improve environmental values, whereas owners in Cluster 4 might mainly be interested in passive nature management solutions.

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