: The effect of high temperatures on growth, yield and dry-matter production of rice growing in the paddy field was examined during the whole growth period in a temperature gradient chamber (TGC) from 2002 to 2006. Experimental plots, TG1 (control), TG2, TG3 and TG4, were arranged along the temperature gradient (from low to high temperature) in TGC. The mean and maximum air-temperatures in TG4 were 2.0 −3.6ºC and 4.0−7.0ºC higher, respectively, than those in TG1. The plant height was taller and the maximum tillering stage was earlier in TG2, TG3 and TG4 than in TG1. Plant dry weight at maturity in TG2 and TG3 was 12.8−16.4% heavier than that in TG1. In TG4, the increase in the panicle dry weight during the ripening period was smallest and plant dry weight at maturity was 11−16% heavier than that in TG1. The increase in plant drymatter during the ripening period was smallest in TG4. The decrease in the dry weight of stem and leaf during the ripening period, which represents the amount of assimilate translocation to the panicle, was also larger in TG2-4 than in TG1. The increase in the dry weight of stem in TG2-4 at maturity was also larger than that in TG1. The photosynthetic rate in TG2-4 was up to 35.6% lower than that in TG1 because of the acceleration of leaf senescence. Brown rice yield in TG4 was 6.6−39.1% lower than that in TG1. This yield decline was due to the decrease in the percentage of ripened grains and increase in the percentage of sterile spikelets. The relation between brown rice yield and mean air-temperature during 20 days after heading showed that the brown rice yield declined when mean air-temperature exceeded 28ºC.
On excision of any soft tissue tumor, surgeons should be aware of the potential risk for erroneous management of malignancy. If not, careless surgery may render the treatment protocol complicated and require excessive additional tissue resection with poor function and prognosis. Appropriate salvage treatment may have a significant role to play after unplanned resection of the sarcoma.
LaCo 2 B 2 with a ThCr 2 Si 2 -type structure composed of alternately stacked La and CoB layers exhibits metallic electrical conductivity and Pauli paramagnetic behavior down to 2K. Bulk superconductivity with a T c of ~4K emerges upon substitution with dopant elements; i.e., isovalent substitution to form (La 1-x Y x )Co 2 B 2 , or aliovalent substitution to form La(Co 1-x Fe x ) 2 B 2 . Highly covalent bonding between Co 3d and B 2p levels in the CoB layers, which is caused by the B 2p level being shallower than the Fermi level, removes magnetic ordering from Co 3d electrons even in the undoped samples.
The remarkable development of Japan’s broadband (BB) market has attracted attention worldwide. This paper is one of the first to analyze Japan’s BB demand (including FTTH) using a discrete choice model. Our main conclusions are first, there is a distinction between narrowband (NB) and BB services based on a nested choice structure. Second, considering own-price elasticities of access demand, ADSL is inelastic, but FTTH and CATV are elastic. Third, in ADSL submarkets, low-speed and high-speed ADSL are becoming more elastic. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006broadband, discrete choice, nested logit, price elasticity, L52, L86, L96,
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