We study the best constant in Sobolev inequality with weights being powers of distance from the origin in â„Ân. In this variational problem, the invariance of â„Ân by the group of dilatations creates some possible loss of compactness. As a result we will see that the existence of extremals and the value of best constant essentially depends upon the relation among parameters in the inequality
TZT-1027 (Soblidotin), an antimicrotubule agent, has been demonstrated to show potent antitumor effects, though the relationships among antitumor effect, cytotoxicity and anti-vascular effect of TZT-1027 have not been studied. We established in vivo human lung vascular-rich tumor models using a vascular endothelial growth factor-secreting tumor (SBC-3/VEGF). SBC-3/VEGF tumors exhibited a high degree of angiogenesis in comparison with the mock transfectant (SBC-3/Neo) tumors in a dorsal skinfold chamber model and grew much faster and larger than SBC-3/Neo tumors in the tumor growth study. The antitumor activity of antimicrotubule agents, including TZT-1027, was evaluated in both early-and advanced-stage SBC-3/Neo and SBC-3/VEGF tumor models to elucidate the relationship between the antitumor activity and anti-vascular effect of these agents. TZT-1027 exhibited potent antitumor activity against both early-and advanced-stage SBC-3/Neo and SBC-3/VEGF tumors, whereas combretastatin A4 phosphate did not. Vincristine and docetaxel exhibited potent antitumor activity against early-stage SBC-3/Neo and SBC-3/VEGF tumors, and advanced-stage SBC-3/Neo tumors, but did not exhibit activity against advanced-stage SBC-3/VEGF tumors. The difference in antitumor activity between these agents could be ascribed to differences in direct cytotoxicity and anti-vascular effect. Furthermore, a prominent accumulation of erythrocytes in the tumor vasculature, followed by leakage and scattering of these erythrocytes from the tumor vasculature, was observed after TZT-1027 administration to mice bearing advanced-stage SBC-3/VEGF tumors. These findings strongly suggest that TZT-1027 has a potent anti-vascular effect, in addition to direct cytotoxicity. (Cancer Sci 2003; 94: 826-833) ngiogenesis is the process whereby capillaries sprout from pre-existing blood vessels. The overall process is complicated, involving many cell types and biological functions, including endothelial cell activation, migration and proliferation.1) Previous studies have demonstrated that tumor angiogenesis is required for the growth and metastasis of primary solid tumors.2) This angiogenesis is influenced by the balance between the activation of promoting and inhibiting factors. The activation of promoting factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), released from hypoxic tumor cells, leads to neovascularization, while the activation of inhibiting factors generally causes tumors to undergo necrotic cell death.3) The importance of angiogenesis in human tumors was proved by recent reports demonstrating the vessel density in the tumor mass to be a prognostic factor for survival in people with various types of tumor. [4][5][6][7][8]
An active electrode (d10 mm, t6 mm) is presented, that functions as an impedance transformer (an input impedance > 10 G omega, an output impedance < 1 omega) by means of which we can derive surface EMG without any skin preparation and paste. This electrode was compared with a conventional one, and it was ascertained that the electrode could be replaced with the conventional one, and, moreover, it was preferable because it required less preparation time, and was less affected by environmental noise.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.