In the development of diabetes-induced hypertension, the effect of spironolactone on mean systolic blood pressure may be associated with the mineralocorticoid effects of corticosterone on renal MR, as well as an alteration of renal 11beta-HSD2 activity and its mRNA expression in insulin-dependent diabetic rats.

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BackgroundIn Japan, waist circumference (WC) percentiles to screen for childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) are unavailable. The objectives of this study were to develop WC and WC-to-height ratio (WC/Ht) percentile curves by age and sex for Japanese children, and to test their utility in screening for MetS in children with obesity who are otherwise healthy.MethodsThe WC and WC/Ht percentiles were developed using the LMS method of summarizing growth standards, which monitors changing skewness (L), medians (M), and coefficients of variation (S) in childhood distributions. A representative dataset was used, which consisted of 3,634 boys and 3,536 girls aged 4.5–12.75 years in Shizuoka prefecture, Japan, between 2010 and 2012. Children who were obese (355 boys and 230 girls) aged 6–12 years from Osaka prefecture, Japan, were screened for childhood MetS using the new percentiles and the International Diabetes Federation’s (IDF’s) definition of MetS.ResultsThe number of participants with certain metabolic abnormalities (high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a high level of triglycerides) was significantly higher in boys aged 10–12 years, with a WC ≥ 90th percentile, than among those with a WC < 90th percentile. None of the participants with a WC < 90th percentile exhibited two or more metabolic abnormalities, regardless of their age or sex. Among the participants aged 10–12 years, 11.4 % of boys and 4.4 % of girls with a WC ≥ 90th percentile were diagnosed with MetS.ConclusionsThe new percentiles may have a certain level of potential to screen Japanese children for childhood MetS in accordance with the IDF definition.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2447-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The RI and TZI obtained using transrectal ultrasonography correlated with the incidence of AUR and are useful predictors of AUR in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The results imply that lack of hypocalciuria does not necessarily argue against the presence of AP2S1 mutations. The early infantile age of this patient would have played a certain role in the occurrence of hypercalciuria, and low calcium formula is worth attempting in infants with FHH.