The imaging of living specimens in water by x-ray microscopy can be greatly enhanced with the use of an intense flash x-ray source and sophisticated technologies for reading x-ray images. A subnanosecond [corrected] x-ray pulse from a laser-produced plasma was used to record the x-ray image of living sea urchin sperm in an x-ray resist. The resist relief was visualized at high resolution by atomic-force microscopy. Internal structure of the sperm head was evident, and the carbon density in a flagellum was estimated from the relief height.
SYNOPSIS.Response of Chlamydomonas to temperature change was investigated. When the temperature of the medium was suddenly increased (decreased) the abrupt velocity rise (drop) was observed. This abrupt velocity change was induced immediately after the temperature change. Then, the high (low) level of the velocity was maintained for a few minutes. Finally the velocity decreased (increased), tending to a stationary level at the new temperature with the decay time of a few minutes. The rate of the temperature change determined the magnitude of response. The threshold value was found in the (9).
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