Fifty-two malignant melanoma cases were divided morphologically into round, spindle and mixed-cell types and were studied immunohistochemically on the localization and stainig intensity of S-100 protein and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Most of malignant melanomas were positively stained for S-100 protein and NSE. There were no correlation between the localization of S-100 protein and three cell types. However S-100 protein and degree of melanin production seemed to have an inverse relationship. On the other hand, for NSE, there were some differences on immunostaining intensity among the three cell types. Especially, deeply invasive melanomas showed strong reactivities for NSE and it may clinicopathologically indicate their poorer prognosis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 733-743, 1986. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF MALIGNANT MELANOMAActa Pathl. Jpn. Matevials and Methods Light microscopic obsewatwn .Primary tumor tissues from 52 patienk with malignant melanoma were obtained from the files of Nippon Medic1 School, National Kyushu Cancer Hospital, and School of Medicine, Fukuoka University. The age distribution of the patients was 31 to 88 years, including 37 females and 15 males. Thirty-five specimens were from skin and seventeen from mucosa. These tissues had been all fixed in 10% formol-saline and embedded in paraffin. Sections (2.5 um thick) were stained with hematoxylineosin and Fontana-Masson method for routine morphological study. Immunohistochemical observation .l4-1Deparaffinized sections (2.5 um thick) were soaked in methanol containing 0.3% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes at room temperature in order to block endogenous peroxidase activity. After washing three times with PBS (phosphate-buffered saline -0.15 M NaCl in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2), they were incubated with 5% normal goat serum (DAKOPATTS) for 10 minutes. Then the sections were reacted with 1/250 dilution of anti-S-100 protein rabbit gamma globulin including both anti-a and fl subunits antibody (DAKOPATTS) and 1/350 dilution of anti-NSE rabbit gamma globulin (DAKOPATTS) for 30 minutes in moist chamber. After washing three times with PBS, they were reacted with biotin-labeled anti-rabbit gamma globulin (DAKOPATTS) for 30 minutes. Then washing three times with PBS, avidin-biotinylated peroxidase comples (ABC) reagent was applied to the sections for 30 minutes in moist chamber a t room temperature. After washing with PBS, they were finally soaked in 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC), which produced a red reaction product, because of avoiding confusion with melanin pigment, counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin and mounted in glycerin jelly. Stainings for S-100 protein and NSE were independently assessed by the authors on a scale of none, slight, moderate or heavy as judging from the staining intensity of the tumor cells.The immunostaining control was performed by incubation of sections with non-immune rabbit serum. Clinicopathologzcal correlation.The comparison of staining intensity for NSE and McGovern's grading of tumor invasion was performed especia...
In an attempt to determine if both pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas are derived from myoepithelial cells, 23 pleomorphic adenomas, 22 adenoid cystic carcinomas, and 17 normal salivary glands were examined immunohistochemically by using monoclonal antibodies directed against actin (HUC1-1, 1A4), keratin (AE-1, 34 beta E 12), and vimentin (V9). In normal salivary glands, the myoepithelial cells demonstrated a positive reaction to the monoclonal antibodies against actin and only rarely reacted with those against vimentin. No reaction to those against keratin was noted. In pleomorphic adenomas, cells that histologically resembled myoepithelial cells displayed a positive reaction to HUC1-1 in 60.9% and to 1A4 in 65.2%. In adenoid cystic carcinoma, 59.1% of cases demonstrated a positive reaction to both HUC1-1 and 1A4. These results supported the hypothesis that the majority of pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas arise from cells of myoepithelial origin.
Forty-two cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the upper aerodigestive tract were examined to determine the incidence and type of point mutation in codon 12 of the c-K-ras gene by using the polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridization techniques on DNA extracted from paraffin blocks. DNA sequencing, in addition, was performed in 4 cases. No point mutation was detected in codon 12 of c-K-ras in the 42 squamous cell carcinomas we examined. According to the results of DNA sequencing of 4 cases, codon 13 also revealed no point mutation. Thus, point mutational activation of codon 12 of c-K-ras oncogene is an uncommon event in human upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma.
SummaryFifty-eight salivary gland pleornorphic adenomas and 5 normal salivary glands were studied immunohistochemically with respect to intermediate filaments (keratin, desmin, and vimentin), actin and S-100 protein to observe the cellular differentiation of these tumor cells. Normal myoepithelial cells showed positive immunostaining for actin, vimentin and S-100 protein.Pleomorphic adenomas expressed keratin, vimentin and S-100 protein to various degrees, but only a few tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma revealed actin. The results indicate that the tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma show a bipolar differentiation capability of both epithelial and mesenchymal origins, although normal myoepithelial cells show only mesenchymal characteristics. The findings also support previous reports using light and electron microscopy, and also contribute to more precise diagnosis and a better understanding of the histogenesis of this tumor.
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