The role of intracellular Ca 2+ in CCl 4 hepatotoxicity in rats was clarified by measuring detailed changes in serum ALT values and intracellular Ca 2+ after CCl 4 administration. Serum ALT activity clearly increased up to a peak value at 1 day after i.p. administration of CCl 4 at 0.2 ml/kg, and then decreased to the control level after 3 days. Intracellular Ca 2+ responded to CCl 4 intoxication with a biphasic increase. The first intracellular Ca 2+ peak increased up to 5.6-fold the control level at 1 hour, and the second Ca 2+ peak 6.5-fold at 3.5 days. The results showed that the first Ca 2+ increase might be attributable to a signal arising from the extent of hepatic injury. The second Ca 2+ increase might act to activate cellular protective functions. We discussed that sustained intracellular Ca 2+ and S100A4 increases may be involved in autoprotection or adaptive cytoprotection, namely susceptibility against a toxication.
We hope this study would lead to protecting independent living for aged people in the aging society progressing in the world. Japanese life expectancy is 83.7 years old and the longest in the world. An aging rate is the highest at 26.0% in the world in 2014. The elderly ratio which was 12.1% in 1990 and increased to 26% in 2014. It is also the earliest pace of expansion in the world. There is the Long-Term Care Insurance System (Care Insurance) under the Long-Term Care Insurance Act (Insurance Act) to support this aged society. We investigated the situation of the English translation of the Care Insurance under the Insurance Act of Japan. We try to translate the untranslated part of it, "Care Degree" and introduced. We examined the Care Degree and the result of enforcement of the knee motivative exercise, which the outpatients are performing by themselves. We performed an evaluation of exercise with setting 15 subjects with their consent subjects at the medical facility by the therapist and rehabilitation collaborators. We analyzed the exercise value when they performed the motivative exercise individually. There was a big difference in the maximum range, the minimum range, time, and the average speed per second of the exercise under exercise for 300 seconds for every individual. We examined the correlation between exercise range and average speed, and the digitalized care degree. There were significant correlation as the maximum movement range (r = .702, p < .01), the minimum movement range (r = .608, p < .05), an average movement range (r = .745, p < .01), and average speed (r = .664, p < .01). We showed that the autonomous knee motivative exercise is an accommodated kinetic rehabilitation to the patient's physical strength due to correlating with the exercise value of the degree of care. We showed that they could implement under the therapist direction to do for 300 seconds without touching.
The factors that affect acceleration and high trans/cis selectivity in the catalytic cyclopropanation reaction of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate by cobalt N-confused porphyrin (NCP) complexes were investigated using density functional theory calculations. The reaction rate was primarily related to the energy gap between the cobalt–carbene adduct intermediates, A and B, which was affected by the NCP skeletons and axial pyridine ligands more than the corresponding porphyrin complex. In addition, high trans/cis stereoselectivity was determined at the TS1 and, in part, in the isomerization process at the carbon-centered radical intermediates, Ctrans and Ccis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.