An integrated optical isolator is demonstrated based on efficient nonreciprocal conversion from a fundamental TM mode to a deep TE radiation mode away from the cutoff. The isolator is realized using a single-mode rib channel waveguide in Ce-substituted yttrium iron garnet, which has a very large Faraday rotation. 27 dB isolation is obtained at a wavelength of 1535 nm.

Strong magneto-optical enhancement in highly Ce-substituted iron garnet films prepared by sputtering J. Appl. Phys. 70, 7065 (1991); 10.1063/1.349786Strong magneto-optical enhancement in highly Ce-substituted iron garnet films by sputtering (abstract)This article describes the demonstration of magneto-optic channel waveguides in Ce-substituted yttrium iron garnet which has a very large Faraday rotation. The rib waveguides are successfully produced by employing a new etching technique, which is a reactive ion etching method using BCls gas. The nonreciprocal phase shift in the magneto-optic waveguides is measured by using a new improved measurement method. These waveguides exhibit the largest nonreciprocal phase shift ever reported of 21.1 rad/cm @=1.55 pm). 4877

A new waveguide isolator which has a simple structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The isolator operates on the basis of nonreciprocal guided-radiation mode conversion in a channel magneto-optic waveguide. The isolator was realized using a single-mode rib channel waveguide in Ce-substituted yttrium iron garnet which has a very large Faraday rotation. 13.3 dB isolation was obtained at a wavelength near 1.55 μm.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with calcium salts of soybean oil fatty acids (CaSO) and linseed oil fatty acids (CaLO) on c9,t11-CLA production in ruminal fluid and milk fat from Holstein dairy cows. Rumen fermentation, lactational performances and fatty acid profiles in ruminal fluid and milk fat were also investigated. Twenty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were allotted randomly into two groups consisting of ten cows in each group according to calving date and average milk yield. The first group of cows was fed a control (without calcium salts) diet and a treatment as 1.0% of CaSO (on DM basis) for 30 days in each period. In the second group, cows were fed the same control diet and 1.0% of CaLO as a treatment in the same manner. The forage: concentrate ratio was 52:48, and diets were formulated to contain 17% crude protein (DM basis) for both groups. Ruminal pH, protozoal numbers and the concentration of total volatile fatty acids were unchanged, however, the ruminal ammonia-N decreased by feeding CaSO or CaLO treatment compared to the control diet. The vaccenic acid (trans-11 C18:1; VA) in rumen fluid increased (p<0.01) by 169% and 153%, and the c9,t11-CLA content of rumen fluid increased (p<0.01) by 214% and 210% in the CaSO and CaLO treatments, respectively, compared to the control diet. In milk fatty acids, the VA content increased by 130% and 132% in the evening and morning milking times, respectively, and the c9,t11-CLA content increased by 125% in both milking times for the CaSO supplementation than that of control diet. In the case of CaLO supplementation, the VA increased by 117% and 114%, and the c9,t11-CLA increased by 96% and 94% in the evening and morning milking times, respectively, compared to the control diet. The contents of VA and c9,t11-CLA of milk fatty acids were numerically higher in the evening milking time compared to the morning milking time for control and both treatments. Finally, these results indicated that the supplementation of CaSO or CaLO treatment increased the VA and the c9,t11-CLA in both ruminal fluid and milk fat of Holstein dairy cows.

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