375Ta20s agree with the results of Lagergren and MagnelP and of Reisman, Holtzberg, Berkenblit, and Berry.8 Thus in the system Ta-Ta20s, TaO (should have NaCl structure) and TaQ2 (rutile structure) do not exist. (3) The Systems ZrOz-TiOz-MeIn the investigation of the system Nb-Ti-Zr-OG the center o f the single cubic Zr02 phase region in the pseudoternary system Nb-Zr02-Ti02 was at 55 mole % Zr02, 35 mole % TiQs, 10 mole yo Nb. Similar compositions were prepared using the elements Cr, Mo, W, V, and Ta instead of Nb. In all cases cubic Zr02 was formed and the lattice parameter of the cubic Zr02 phase varied as a function of the size of the transition-metal atom used. (4)In all the foregoing samples a large amount of T i 0 2 was needed t o stabilize cubic ZrO2. In several samples T i c z was replaced by N b 0 2 (Nb02 has the same structure as Ti02 and the N b atom is the same size as the T i atom), but no cubic ZrOs was found.The cubic ZrOz phase in most cases formed at compositions close t o the TiZrOJ compound in the binary system TiOz-Zr02. The compounds GZr02. Nb205 and BZrOz.Ta205 are Formation of Cubic ZrOz Without TiOz isomorphous with TiZrO.lg (when written as Zr6Nb2017 and Zr4Ti4016 the stoichiometric similarity is apparent). Attempts were made t o obtain the cubic Zr02 phase by reacting GZr02.Nb?05 and 6Zr02.TazOs with Mo, Ta, V, VO, Cr, and Nb. V. ConclusionsTo form cubic Zr02 with transition metals of groups V and VI or their monoxides at 1500°C, a large amount of Ti02 has to be present. The cubic ZrOz structure formed is always oxygen deficient (oxygen-to-metal ratio less than 2). The extent of the single-phase cubic Zr02 region depends on the transition metal used.No cubic ZrOz was formed.Stig Lagergren and Arne Magneli, "On the Tantalum-Oxygen System," Acta Chem. Scand., 6 [ I ] 444-46 (1952).Observations of sphere-to-plate bonding of vacuum-reduced monocrystalline rutile have been carried out over the temperature range 1200O to 1275OC. The rate law governing the interfacial growth between sphere and plate indicates that the predominant mechanism of material transport in this sintering process is volume diffusion. In the light of the reasonably satisfactory agreement between the oxygen selfdiffusion coefficients calculated from the present sintering data and those directly observed by Haul and Just utilizing an isotopic exchange technique, it is likely that oxygen ion diffusion is the rate-determining step in the sintering experiments described.
The aluminium-stabilized steel products Jrom a hot strip mill usually have the anisotropy in that the transverse ductility is poor in comparison with the longitudinal one. This kind oj anisotropy is mainry caused by elongated stringer type inclusions oj manganese sulphide. The anisotropy can be reduced by addition oj some alloying elemellts such as Ce, Zr, Ti. In the present investigation, the improvemmt in cold Jormability oj high tensile strength steels by Ce addition is examined in quantitative manner. The most appropriate contellt oj Ce is concluded to be one half times oj S contellt, and at that content oj Ce, the transverse du ctility is improved by two times. This improvement cannot sufficientry be explained by desulphrization nor by decrease in the cleanliness oj type A inclusions. An emprical measure oj inclusion shape, termed the inclusion shape index, is proposed and it can explain satisfactoriry this improvement in quantitative manner.
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