Flows through an open cross-flow-type nano-hydraulic turbine are numerically simulated to investigate the effects of the clearance H C between the rotor and the ground on the turbine performance. A two-dimensional particle method is employed, which was successfully used for flow simulations of impulse-type and open cross-flow-type nano-hydraulic turbines in the authors' previous works. When the clearance H C is smaller than a critical value, the simulated turbine performance decreases with decreasing H C , in good agreement with the experiment. The simulations make it clear that such a reduction of turbine performance is attributable to an increase in the circumferential component of the water velocity at the rotor outlet. The simulations also demonstrate that the effect of the tip speed ratio of the rotor on the relation between H C and turbine performance can be analyzed.
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