Fallow field biotopes that develop from abandoned rice fields are man-made wetlands that provide new habitats for various aquatic animals. Although consideration of such biotopes generally focuses on their positive aspects, this study evaluated the negative aspects of establishing fallow field biotopes with regard to mosquito breeding sites. To determine whether fallow field biotopes become breeding habitats for vector mosquitoes, we evaluated mosquito fauna in fallow field biotopes and adjacent rice fields. We found larvae of Anopheles lesteri, Anopheles sinensis and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (all: Diptera: Culicidae) in the biotopes. Although abundances of mosquito larvae in the biotopes and rice fields were statistically similar, mosquito abundances in rice fields increased dramatically in August when the water level reduced after the rainy season. The abundance and variety of the mosquitoes' natural predators were greater in biotopes than in rice fields because the former are a permanent and stable aquatic environment. A generalized linear mixed model showed a negative effect of predator diversity on mosquito larvae abundance in both habitats. Although fallow field biotopes become breeding habitats for vector mosquitoes, establishing biotopes from fallow fields in order to protect various aquatic animals, including mosquito insect predators, may help to control mosquito breeding.
Recently, sludge purification of organic matter enriched river bottom using granulated coal ash (GCA) have been used in Hiroshima Otagawa delta areas. It has been proved that GCA can absorb the compounds of phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur. By previous study, the material properties of GCA for biological affinity have been clarified. On the other hands, a characteristic as the inhabiting basis of bivalves is not sufficiently clarified. The purpose of this study is to evaluate GCA covering method utilized to habitat basis of Corbicula japonica. Laboratory experiments and field investigation were carried out to compare GCA (covering material) for habitat basis with control materials (e.g. natural sand, natural stone and organic mud) about a sneaking act by Corbicula japonica. From our findings, it can be concluded that GCA can be used as a covering material to improve biological environment and utilized to habitat basis of Corbicula japonica in organic matter enriched river bottom.
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